In early February Concern PVO "Almaz-Antey" presidential decree was converted into a group of aerospace defense. On what new perspectives are opened before the concern in connection with this event, how to change the theme developed by means protivozdushnoy and missile defense, what opportunities will have anti-missile system is a fifth-generation S-500 told to "Interfax-AVN" Chief Designer Paul Sozinov concern.
- Paul A., now your concern have yet another important area - space. We already know what the company will deal with this topic?
- As for the space component, it has been with us before, because of the concern was performed and continue to perform a central role for the integration of detecting ballistic missile launches, including space echelon. Traditionally, for this area in our concern posted IAC "Vympel". Radar ground echelon EWS, as you know, is mainly engaged in OJSC "RTI", space vehicles and systems - CRI "Comet", and now the corporation "Comet", which is in accordance with the decree of the president becomes the concern of EKR.
Our businesses are the integrators space and ground levels at the command posts of the corresponding destination. This applies to EWS, space surveillance systems and some other specific problems that arise in this area.
Generally outer direction is very interesting, it is represented in the concern not only the "Comet". Let not as headaches, and other companies as subcontractors Roskosmosa our facilities involved in the manufacture of certain samples or parts of equipment, in particular for the GLONASS system. There are components that are designed and manufactured by our enterprises, especially the Russian Institute of Radionavigation and Time, which is located in St. Petersburg.
GLONASS, as you know, has part of the ground and airborne. This is a very important component, as modern systems are largely used for high-precision navigation signal determining its own position, and time synchronization.
With regard to education EKR concern, there are two things that need to be implemented. On the one hand the technical, organizational and for us in the long run, nothing changes, since enterprises Roscosmos dealing EKR, we are bound by decades of working together. "Comet", for example, came out of CB-1, later transformed into CKB "Almaz" (now GSKB "Almaz-Antey" them. Academician Raspletin). Academician Anatoly Savin, who for many years headed the "Comet", is now working in our concern as a scientific leader.
Another question, as when entering a concern to implement new plans, including the development of systems of aerospace defense? This applies not only to systems that are engaged in "Comet" on existing contracts, but also some promising projects, plans for which we have nurtured within the framework of the Joint Council of Chief Designers for the aerospace defense system. This advice has been in operation for two years, there also includes leading enterprises of almost all corporations, which today are related to the system of aerospace defense. This applies not only space echelon, but also electronic warfare, what does one of the concerns of the state corporation Rostec.
- In addition to the main theme of your concern, as it is known, is still engaged in the aviation and maritime component of air and missile defense. Tell us about this direction.
- This direction is also quite serious. If we talk about the fighter, I would like to note that within the Council have organized work closely with the structures of the United Aircraft Corporation. Primarily a design bureau Sukhoi and RAC "MiG", because we do directly control systems for fighter aircraft. In addition, our systems are used to solve problems of collaboration of fighter aircraft in areas of anti-aircraft missile troops. Airborne radar facilities for combat aircraft Sukhoi Design Bureau, including the fifth-generation fighter, also developed by our companies, in particular Tikhomirov NIIP, which is also included in the structure of the Concern PVO "Almaz-Antey".
In this case, the integration is on the technical and organizational levels, no legal relationship we have with aircraft manufacturers, in addition to the treaty, do not have.
The same applies to the shipbuilding industry. Component of missile and air defense ship-based and developed. There are serious plans to develop completely new products to meet the challenges air and missile defense ships heavier class, in particular, the destroyer class and above. This work is being done in conjunction with the main designer - Northern Design Bureau, which is part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation.
By itself, the ship's theme is extremely interesting, because there is involved a huge amount of our businesses engaged in developing technology and missile defense adaptation under the ship's accommodation. They differ significantly from those options that were in the previous generation, which in the 80s 90s unification on missiles was virtually absolute. Now for the sea-based are including special items.
AAMS radars on ships were largely borrowed from the S-300 systems, complexes "Beech", "Thor", etc. with certain specifics of their placement on the ship. Now apply new technical solutions that reduce the visibility of the ship, to improve the noise immunity of the radar system, to ensure electromagnetic compatibility, to solve a number of other issues.
This is a fairly complex project. Americans in this part there are a large number of technical solutions and projects that are optimally placed multipurpose weapon control system, which integrates all the locating, radio and electronic media, EW equipment and, of course, missiles as air and missile defense, and drums. Roughly the same path and we go, the more that along with air and missile defense for ships we develop and strike systems based cruise missiles. This, in particular, deals with OKB "Innovator".
I would like to note that current shipboard systems are in demand abroad. Russian enterprises were carried out and the appropriate contracts for the supply of ships with our arms to China, India and several other countries.
In recent history, there are precedents, when our ships were established foreign weapons, and vice versa, when our arms are mounted on overseas projects.
- How are things going with the creation of a new anti-aircraft missile system S-500. When can begin testing it? What is the fundamental difference between this AAMS from now existing?
- Information in this system is largely closed nature and we prefer not to talk this topic. But some things can be mentioned without revealing TTX.
It is understood that the S-500, we call it the fifth-generation system is fundamentally different from "chetyrehsotke" primarily technical and technological solutions, which are laid in the radar and a new generation of anti-aircraft guided missiles. A new round of technological capabilities, we are now beginning to have led to the fact that we have the opportunity to put into practice the requirements of the Ministry of Defence on the establishment of a new generation. We are, in fact, reaching the level where troops and EKR, and to meet the challenges of military air defense base in the near future will be a unified system for the C-500.
The second property of this system - it is the empowerment of missile defense. Here I can only spend a certain conditional analogy. The closest analogue to the part about our new system can be upgraded and serially manufactured mobile and perebaziruemy correct to say, the US missile defense complex THAAD.
In defense of the closest analogue may be considered «Patriot» PAC-3, although a number of characteristics American complex is significantly inferior to our systems, even now existing, such as S-300V4 and C-400.
In general, the S-500 will be able to address the full range of tasks and missile defense from the perspectives of the development of air and space attack.
- You mentioned the new S-400 "Triumph", which has actually delivered to the troops. Completed if lapping the entire set of rockets to the system or continue to apply its missiles from "trehsotki"?
- In the army, the system comes with a new generation of missiles. By "chetyrehsotke" we have some kind of program for further development, primarily based on the introduction of a new range of missiles that are being developed in different subjects, including the ship's air defense. In this case, the main task - to provide an even higher rate of fire, noise immunity, etc. That is the most important properties that characterize the possibility of using the system to reflect the massive attacks of modern aerospace attack.
The approach we have initially is - with any project, which was developed by other orders, sea, land and air and missile defense of the new generation we are all useful technical solutions in terms of trying to implement a missile products and other systems in order to expand the spectrum of reflected threats increase in the number of export potential. Thus it is possible to lay down a certain configuration of the system based on the possibility of applying different products.
This approach is in fact used throughout the world. Widely known solutions that Americans have implemented with the Europeans, where a number of spent rockets introduced in other complexes. In particular, the ships. There established European centers, but with American missiles and vice versa. There are joint projects, where US missile complexes used French. Ie it is normal practice.
The same applies to a large extent complexes, which are now creating Israel, which along with the United States is our major scientific and technological rival. At least in the class of complexes of small and medium-range missiles. Israel today there are a number of proven technical solutions with which to be reckoned with, and somehow fend them the possibility of entering foreign markets where we are already beginning to compete fiercely enough. If Americans have restrictions on a number of countries, Israel has no special restrictions, so they traditional markets of Russia safely go. One of the clearest examples of India, where Israel is widely present.
- Russia has been actively promoting the export of S new "Antey-2500". What are the characteristics of the B c topics compared to C -300V, which was produced earlier?
- "Antey-2500" - a conditional export name S-300V4. The export version is slightly different from the base, which was created for the Russian Armed Forces.
What is the fundamental difference between the C-300V4 from previous generations: first, much of the equipment is made on modern element base, which has greatly expanded the characteristics relative to the previous generation of the S-300V.
Secondly, introduced a new long-range missile, which is capable of solving the problem, including theater missile defense. Significantly enhance the ability to hitting range. We already live up to 400 km. This greatly facilitates the combat use of all other systems because it forces the jammers at a safe distance.
Aircraft airborne patrol and control, such as AWACS, now also not be able to enter with impunity in the 400-kilometer zone. Accordingly, the reduced ability to manage the attack and fighter aircraft. The introduction of this kind of long-range missiles significantly alters the potential situation that may arise in the reflection of appropriate shocks.
This ideology is incorporated in the "chetyrehsotke" other systems including the fifth generation.
If we talk about the new properties of the C-400V4 would note also higher workability of the system. If we consider the component parts, many had to alter or to do over again, thus ensuring the necessary quality and volume mass production. This AAMS, for example, implemented a specialized chassis. When creating this system, as well, and SAM "Tor-M2" we walked along the path does not restore some elements of production, and the creation of new analogues.
- The possibility of creating a modified C-300V4 on chassis?
- We already have the appropriate project, so if there is a demand in the automobile chassis, we run it.
Initially, the Ministry of Defence is planning to hold a local modernize the C-300B to extend the life and performance of a small building, but we managed to convince the military that local modernization is not worth doing. We must do more modern designs, although some solutions we borrowed, but in general it is actually new technology.
- What is the S-350 "Hero"? It has been reported that it is much faster than in its combat capabilities of S-300 system. Is it really? This comes in the AAMS troops or until it tests continue?
- The system is designed in accordance with the technical specifications for the replacement of S Class S-300PT-PS, that is, the first generation of "trehsotok." It is designed to meet the challenges of struggle primarily with massive air and space attack. There is a view with cruise missiles, manned aircraft, drones medium and heavy class, tactical ballistic missiles. That is a full range of objectives that have been in the niche "trehsotok" first generation.
What is the fundamental feature of the C-350 "Hero"?
Their two. The first is that the system has the ability to review and shelling targets in circular mode, and not only in a sector, as in "trehsotki". The second feature - at a new air defense missile systems to channel simultaneously fired missiles goals and the induced significantly increased.
Basic missiles S-350 "Hero" are missiles with active homing. Their band characteristics respectively exceed the characteristics of missiles "trehsotok" first generation.
It is also important that the ammunition that is placed on a launcher consists of 12 missiles instead of 4. It is very important to reflect the massive strikes. Not to mention the fact that the C-350 increased noise immunity, solved the problem of high automation control. The main mode means automatic.
Characteristics of the "Vityaz" in the export performance agreed with the Ministry of Defence, ie we reserve the right to supply the system for export.
C-350 "Vityaz" is currently in the process of testing. Parallel to prepare production.
- How do you assess the opportunities for further improvement of short-range air defense missile systems "Tor-M2E" and medium-range "Buk-M2E"?
- As for the line "Buka", we have mastered the production of the "Buk-M2". It is commercially available as the troops, and for export. Complete the test and the mass production of next-generation "Buckow" for Army Air Defense. In this complex, we dramatically, almost twice increased Ammunition. Expanded the affected area in comparison with the previous modifications. The system became fully meet modern requirements for AAMS army air defense medium-range. It also remained crawler, but there is an option and wheeled chassis. Primarily for export. To date, the class of medium-range air defense military foreign counterparts SAM "Buk-M2" is not there. The main feature of the new "Buka" that almost from the march can solve the problems of command and control and shooting. This is critical, because all of this class require a lot of time to deploy. In the class of short-range air defense system the mass production of "Tor-M2" in several versions, including a new missile. This facility also doubled and ammunition channel. Significantly expanded the affected area. In fact, everything is made from scratch. The interest of foreign countries to this complex is very large, a lot of requests for delivery, which allows us not only to be optimistic about the future, but also begin to build short-range next generation.
- What are the prospects for the development of tools PVO- ABM on new physical principles? United States, for example, recently closed its program to create missile defense systems using airborne laser.
- When it comes to laser weapons or directed energy weapons, as they call it, that we are engaged in this subject for a long time. So I do not stick to the term "new physical principles." They were new in the 60-70s. Laser weapons for ground-based problem solving cover point objects, effects on various types of electronic systems, including those installed on aircraft, spacecraft, and we and the Americans have actively created. In the United States have set almost does not solve the problem - to intercept ballistic missiles launched from submarines. And on this stung with its program of ABL. But this does not mean that they turned aviation complex with a laser on board as unclaimed. Nothing of the sort, they simply moved on to what is more real - the suppression of optoelectronic space-based systems. We are also working on this.
- So we go with them hand in hand? -
I would not say that in lockstep. Technologically, they are to do more advanced, but it does not mean that we have nothing. We do the corresponding experimental complexes, are working. On the characteristics of course I can not speak. If we talk about the land or naval systems based on lasers, which the United States is actively engaged, their effective practical application while it is unlikely because it requires the availability of large-scale power on board. For lesions, ie physical destruction of cruise missiles, attacking the ship or ground object at a distance of several kilometers required capacity of about 100 kilowatts or more. It is of radiated power consumption regard, it is correspondingly more - under MW. Again, laser weapons effectiveness is highly dependent on weather conditions. For example, on the coast of North Africa, where meteovidimost very good - this one, in our territory, closed, usually dense clouds - is quite another. The same applies to vehicles with laser installations. It all depends on where and for what purposes to use laser weapons. If there is a problem within the framework of anti-terrorist operations shoot on a boat or outboard motors and immobilize a small craft - it is a very real problem. These units can be used also by balloons, hang gliders. But working with the earth on a serious air targets is unlikely, because there are really enormous loss of energy in the atmosphere. -
We often say that our systems are superior to their foreign counterparts, and what their real benefits from the same "Patriot" PAC -3? -
Compare his technique with the foreign is not entirely correct, though in some areas of our technique is really superior to their foreign counterparts. This is partly due to the fact that they are for various reasons did not set out to achieve those characteristics, for example, by hitting range possessed by our system. Americans, for example, restrict missiles with an inclined start and continue to do this, while the vertical launch our missiles, which creates certain advantages. The Americans have a tremendous amount of fighter aircraft with missiles, whose "long arm". Accordingly, the need for anti-aircraft missile systems, long-range over 200 km they simply did not have. So they thought. We felt a little differently. But the fact is - band characteristics of our systems above. Nevertheless, we can not say that in this class we somehow immensely superior to systems created in the United States. On individual characteristics - yes. However, now for the "Aegis" they create a missile SM-6 with an area of about 400 kilometers defeat. In 2016-2017 it will be ready and implemented on the ship. Then it will be possible to land and facilities to implement. As for the mobile missile defense, for example, THAAD (complex ground-based missile for high altitude trans-atmospheric intercept medium-range missiles), then by the features they began work on it in 1991 and funded until now. 25 years they were engaged in this topic before creating this complex. If we talk about the "Aegis", here too, they practiced for about 20 years until it reached the acceptable performance in the classroom to intercept medium range ballistic missiles. That is, they had the background with a huge funding. We certainly did not have such a history, because funding has recently opened, respectively, a kind of lag there.
- Do you feel today, problems with financing new developments? -
Thanks to the decisions of the President of Russia in which we are engaged, classified as priority or superprioritetnyh, so here we can not complain. Funding goes well and I hope it will go fine. Unfortunately, not all topics so funded. We understand that it would be good to lead the development of a broad front, but if the money is not enough you need to prioritize. -
Many Russian companies, particularly in the aircraft industry, actively cooperate with foreign companies for the implementation of future projects. Take the BrahMos or fifth-generation fighter that we create together with India. Do you have concern such projects with foreign partners?
- We also conducted joint projects on anti-aircraft missile aimed, inter alia, with the South Korean company "Samsung". This work resulted in the creation of complex medium-range «K-MSAM». By the way, the further development of this direction was the creation of anti-aircraft missile system "Knight." The Koreans have worked with us for many years. They were grateful to us, and we have much to learn, especially in terms of the approach to the design of the equipment. Cooperation is often very beneficial, not only from a commercial point of view but also in terms of technology transfer. However, in cooperation with some countries we treat not entirely positive, because they can be for us to potential competitors. -
How critical steel concern Western sanctions? Whether in their systems foreign equipment? -
Part equipment for production actually purchased abroad, so the sanctions have some limitations. But there is an alternative. Nowhere is it said that it is necessary to buy equipment from Western companies. We began to lead a more active purchases from Asian counterparts. This made it possible to escape from sanctions without any losses. And somewhere on the contrary to buy something new. As for the element base, the situation is about the same. Firstly, we have nothing supernatural import element of the base is not used. In parallel, the import substitution program. A number of foreign components used in the manufacture of machinery, we have been successfully replaced by the domestic counterparts. After all, our electronic industry is also not standing still. In addition there is an intermediate option, which we also use when manufacturing the element base is carried out abroad, and develop with us. This avoids potential bookmarks. It is quite normal technology. She, by the way, are actively using both the Americans and the Europeans. We challenge to build factories for the production of the entire spectrum of components and equipment while in front of him did not put. But some technological line - yes. -
Will the group engaged in development and production of air traffic control, ground equipment GLONASS? -
By air traffic control centers, we in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation is the umbrella structure. All centers are equipped with enlarged mainly our hardware and software. Today we can say that such consolidated centers, which are created by our technology, about ten. Among them is the center in the Olympic Sochi. But it is not the largest object. The largest Moscow. Now comes the trial operation of the center. Everything is difficult, because the Moscow center is responsible for air traffic control throughout the entire European part of Russia. Along with the fact that there is still the center of Kaliningrad and St Petersburg. The Moscow area is very complicated - there are many airfields from which fly both civil and military aircraft. A huge number of government operations including aviation. This is a very complex system with extremely tight traffic. We have about a year with the Federal Air Transport Agency engaged in the certification of the system, identify any errors in the course of finalizing something. We hope that the Moscow center for all parameters, including functional, will correspond to the upper bracket of international standards. Especially because there are some prototypes. The raw data are given to the Moscow center, in line with what was established in Munich. No other prototypes. Even London's Heathrow and close does not meet these requirements. In Munich deployed now the most advanced system in Europe. At the same time are working on other consolidated centers. In addition, we supply a huge amount of radar technology, which solves the problem of air traffic control on the ground, flight lanes. Respectively, are engaged in integrating this information, including in the interests of the military. A large number of weather radars, which we ourselves have developed supply for civil and military aircraft, as well as for Meteoagency. Incidentally, we won a hard struggle foreign competitors tender for the supply of weather radars. GLONASS we mainly manufacture equipment for special users, for aircraft, ships and for the civil courts. Some part is shipped abroad. In the required amount of produce individual GLONASS receivers for the military. We tried to go out and to the civilian market. About a year quite successfully compete with foreign producers. But still slipped compared with the Chinese. Chinese displace from the market of all, because the price they still get a half times lower. There are lots of projects in other areas of civilian high technology, which we are engaged. Including using military developments. For example, a very modern sonar devices do. Produce a certain range of medical equipment that meets the latest requirements. However, to enter this market is extremely difficult. But we do not intend to give up. We must always look to the future, even when it seems that the problem is not feasible. This is the key to success in any business, not just ours.
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It is significant that as a milestone you are using the "year 1991", which was the starting date for the current "world war" (of course, the phony phase of the current "world war").
