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    Ukraine's Arms Εxports

    JohninMK
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    Post  JohninMK Fri Aug 26, 2016 4:50 pm


    Dispute with Boeing over Sea Launch to be settled before end of year - Energia Corporation

    The dispute with the Boeing company over the Sea Launch project will be settled before the end of 2016, Energia Rocket and Space Corporation head Vladimir Solntsev told reporters on Friday.

    "I think that before the end of the year we should finalize and sign the final document to settle all of the issues, and I think that the issue will be closed at that," he said.

    A compromise-based solution to this problem has already been found, but this information will remain confidential until the issue is finally resolved, and it is still too early to speak about the details, he said.

    "It is indirectly linked with the further implementation and development of the Sea Launch project, but it is not an insurmountable obstacle, although Boeing's position carries a lot of weight in the U.S., and a peaceful path is the most acceptable," Solntsev said.

    The Sea Launch company was set up to implement a project of the same name in 1995. Its founders included Boeing, Energia, the Norwegian engineering company Kvaerner (now Aker Solutions), and Ukraine's Yuzhnoye (Pivdenne) design bureau and Yuzhmash (Pivdenmash) production association. Sea Launch announced its bankruptcy in the summer of 2009. After reorganization, Energia assumed the leading role in the project.


    From Interfax
    George1
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    Post  George1 Sat Sep 17, 2016 5:10 pm

    Ukraine supplied to South Sudan two combat training aircraft L-39

    Ukraine's Arms Εxports - Page 3 28143_900

    http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2133501.html
    George1
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    Post  George1 Wed Oct 12, 2016 2:18 am

    Deliveries of Ukrainian combat helicopters Mi-24 in Nigeria

    http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2176493.html
    JohninMK
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    Post  JohninMK Fri Oct 21, 2016 4:06 pm

    Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Fri Oct 21, 2016 4:40 pm

    JohninMK wrote:Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The  contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html


    40 million per plane I hope.
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    Post  Guest Fri Oct 21, 2016 4:59 pm

    JohninMK wrote:Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The  contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html

    That is actually huge order for todays standards.
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    Post  ExBeobachter1987 Sat Oct 22, 2016 1:23 am

    Militarov wrote:
    JohninMK wrote:Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The  contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html

    That is actually huge order for todays standards.

    That is not an order, that is tech transfer.
    Or have you ever heard of Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co.?
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Oct 22, 2016 10:19 am

    Militarov wrote:
    JohninMK wrote:Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The  contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html

    That is actually huge order for todays standards.


    It's not even close to saving Antonov, but at least they have work. The planes will be all sold for 40 million, that is 3.2 million a piece. It's probably either the cheapest sale of tactical transport aircraft or the cheapest blowjob for the Chinese aviation industry ever. SKD kits will never sell beyond 1.5 million dollars. Way to go China, brand new TTA for 100 million dollars. Just perfect.

    NB: This is not a tech transfer, it's Antonov trying to stay alive with over 350 million USD debt and about twice that in arrears and liabilities.

    Aviant debt penalty alone was +600 million HRY which before crisis amounted to 80 million Euro. Rada just slashed Aviants debt penalty and left them with about 800 million HRY debt and zero liquidities. The State passed another moratorium on the "Russian debt", IE money paid to Antonov in 2012, then reimbursed by Yanukovich in 2013 to Russia because Antonov was doing jack. There's also the Motorsich chapter for the engines Antonov has ordered and still not paid.

    http://en.lb.ua/news/2016/10/20/2137_rada_wrote_off_500m_hryvnia_debt.html

    Thug life chose Antonov.

    With the current ratio, Antonov's official debt should be around 80 million, real debt around 200 million. Aviants debt is around 20 million...
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    Post  Guest Sat Oct 22, 2016 10:55 am

    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    Militarov wrote:
    JohninMK wrote:Wow, if correct this is a serious order, 12 complete and 40 knock down kits.

    Antonov and Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co signed a cooperation agreement for joint development of the new An-178 short-range tactical transport aircraft. That was reported by diana-mihailova.livejournal.com.

    The  contract №084 / 1098 / 16-156 requires the purchase of twelve Antonov An-178 at a price of 40 million. USD. For each, with an advance of 50% of the price of the first two aircraft, the first machine delivery should take place within 14 months after receipt of advance payment for the first aircraft in the amount of 100% of the contract price.

    Contract №084 / 1099 / 16-156 signed for the supply of forty aircraft sets for assembly on the production capacities «Beijing A-Star Aerospace Technology Co» in China.

    The An-178 is a short-range tactical transport aircraft. It was developed by Ukrainian Antonov design bureau. Its development commenced in 2004. It is based on civilian An-158 regional jet aircraft. Some modifications were made to adapt this aircraft for military service. It has a wider fuselage and is fitted with a rear loading ramp. This aircraft is a proposed replacement for the ageing An-12, An-26 and An-32 tactical aircraft most of which are worn-out already.


    http://defence-blog.com/news/china-and-ukraine-to-jointly-produce-a-new-an-178-short-range-tactical-transport-aircraft.html

    That is actually huge order for todays standards.


    It's not even close to saving Antonov, but at least they have work. The planes will be all sold for 40 million, that is 3.2 million a piece. It's probably either the cheapest sale of tactical transport aircraft or the cheapest blowjob for the Chinese aviation industry ever. SKD kits will never sell beyond 1.5 million dollars. Way to go China, brand new TTA for 100 million dollars. Just perfect.

    NB: This is not a tech transfer, it's Antonov trying to stay alive with over 350 million USD debt and about twice that in arrears and liabilities.

    Aviant debt penalty alone was +600 million HRY which before crisis amounted to 80 million Euro. Rada just slashed Aviants debt penalty and left them with about 800 million HRY debt and zero liquidities. The State passed another moratorium on the "Russian debt", IE money paid to Antonov in 2012, then reimbursed by Yanukovich in 2013 to Russia because Antonov was doing jack. There's also the Motorsich chapter for the engines Antonov has ordered and still not paid.

    http://en.lb.ua/news/2016/10/20/2137_rada_wrote_off_500m_hryvnia_debt.html

    Thug life chose Antonov.

    With the current ratio, Antonov's official debt should be around 80 million, real debt around 200 million. Aviants debt is around 20 million...

    I belive they are to pay 40 million per aircraft, as that is the price listed by Antonov. Price for lifter variant is 40 mil, and goes up to 60 million for liner variant.

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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Oct 22, 2016 11:03 am

    From Mihailova's blog I read only 40 million. There's no specification.

    40 million a plane saves Antonov if they manage to build those 12 planes.
    Still I don't know who will power as Motorsich is in the shitter itself.

    At this point, the Chinese should simply offer a deal and buy the two, it would be easier than spend almost 3 billion dollars for 50 planes.
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    Post  George1 Fri Nov 04, 2016 11:11 am

    Export of Ukrainian "Smerch" to Azerbaijan

    http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2229288.html
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    Post  George1 Sun Nov 06, 2016 8:57 pm

    Export of Ukrainian anti-tank guided missiles Falarick 90 and Falarick 105 in Belgium

    http://bmpd.livejournal.com/2234013.html
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    Post  airstrike Sat Nov 19, 2016 5:42 pm

    Nigeria has bought T-72M1 tanks and howitzers from Ukraine

    http://defense-watch.com/2016/11/19/nigeria-has-bought-t-72m1-tanks-and-howitzers-from-ukraine/
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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 5:47 pm

    Quick questions for the experts here. Ukraine seems to operate and/or export MBTs with Kontakt-5 ERA (Bulat, T-80UD and so on).

    Do they have like huge USSR stocks?
    Did they reverse engineer it?
    Did they produce it locally all along?

    Cheers guys.
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Nov 19, 2016 6:16 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:Quick questions for the experts here. Ukraine seems to operate and/or export MBTs with Kontakt-5 ERA (Bulat, T-80UD and so on).

    Do they have like huge USSR stocks?
    Did they reverse engineer it?
    Did they produce it locally all along?

    Cheers guys.

    Ukraine has had one of the most advanced ERA systems for decades, in part developed from K-5 experience and also in part for/from the Russian MIC synergies.

    Mikrotek was part of the K-5 chain so there should be no problem sourcing the technical product, (their NOZH frangible ERA is a good upgrade from K-5).

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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 6:40 pm

    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:Quick questions for the experts here. Ukraine seems to operate and/or export MBTs with Kontakt-5 ERA (Bulat, T-80UD and so on).

    Do they have like huge USSR stocks?
    Did they reverse engineer it?
    Did they produce it locally all along?

    Cheers guys.

    Ukraine has had one of the most advanced ERA systems for decades, in part developed from K-5 experience and also in part for/from the Russian MIC synergies.

    Mikrotek was part of the K-5 chain so there should be no problem sourcing the technical product, (their NOZH frangible ERA is a good upgrade from K-5).

    Was the original K-5 built/co-produced there during USSR day, for the T-80UD?
    Oh crap. So sad to hear such prime tech is now in the hands of Maidanuts. No

    I seem to remember the Donbas militias capturing a few damaged Bulats. Any pointers on what they concluded?

    I'm reading this from your info, thanks:
    http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product3705.html
    http://www.sdtb.kiev.ua/sdtb_defence_en.htm

    PS. What are these "4C20 and 4C22 elements" the K-5 bricks and wedges seen on T-80U/T-90A ?
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Nov 19, 2016 6:52 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:Quick questions for the experts here. Ukraine seems to operate and/or export MBTs with Kontakt-5 ERA (Bulat, T-80UD and so on).

    Do they have like huge USSR stocks?
    Did they reverse engineer it?
    Did they produce it locally all along?

    Cheers guys.

    Ukraine has had one of the most advanced ERA systems for decades, in part developed from K-5 experience and also in part for/from the Russian MIC synergies.

    Mikrotek was part of the K-5 chain so there should be no problem sourcing the technical product, (their NOZH frangible ERA is a good upgrade from K-5).

    Was the original K-5 built/co-produced there during USSR day, for the T-80UD?
    Oh crap. So sad to hear such prime tech is now in the hands of Maidanuts. No

    I seem to remember the Donbas militias capturing a few damaged Bulats. Any pointers on what they concluded?

    Part of the ERA (explosive sheets and panels) were made at Donetsk KZ. Which was bombed twice by Ukropia. KMDB can make their own limited production, but mostly the Kiev reconditioning facility acts as quick draw for the ERA needs.
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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 6:59 pm

    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:Was the original K-5 built/co-produced there during USSR day, for the T-80UD?
    Oh crap. So sad to hear such prime tech is now in the hands of Maidanuts. No

    I seem to remember the Donbas militias capturing a few damaged Bulats. Any pointers on what they concluded?

    Part of the ERA (explosive sheets and panels) were made at Donetsk KZ. Which was bombed twice by Ukropia. KMDB can make their own limited production, but mostly the Kiev reconditioning facility acts as quick draw for the ERA needs.

    Donetsk KZ made the bits and pieces for NOZH and K-1/K-5 or just the second?
    From some reading on the NOZH, brick shape/size aside, they seem to market it as a completely new type explosive mix, that correct?
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Nov 19, 2016 8:18 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:Was the original K-5 built/co-produced there during USSR day, for the T-80UD?
    Oh crap. So sad to hear such prime tech is now in the hands of Maidanuts. No

    I seem to remember the Donbas militias capturing a few damaged Bulats. Any pointers on what they concluded?

    Part of the ERA (explosive sheets and panels) were made at Donetsk KZ. Which was bombed twice by Ukropia. KMDB can make their own limited production, but mostly the Kiev reconditioning facility acts as quick draw for the ERA needs.

    Donetsk KZ made the bits and pieces for NOZH and K-1/K-5 or just the second?
    From some reading on the NOZH, brick shape/size aside, they seem to market it as a completely new type explosive mix, that correct?

    Actually they made bits and pieces for many ERA appliques. K-1/K-5/Relikt/Nozh on STA/Nozh for Duplet.

    It's not "completely" new, its a frangible EFP counter-action ERA. Kaktus for instance was thought as the same idea as Duplet and Czech/Slovak multilayered Era. The difference is that KDMB thought the best defence vs APFSDS would be using mini EFP's.

    It's probably the best system of the old Era, 100% contact reactive.
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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 8:44 pm

    KoTeMoRe wrote:

    It's not "completely" new, its a frangible EFP counter-action ERA. Kaktus for instance was thought as the same idea as Duplet and Czech/Slovak multilayered Era. The difference is that KDMB thought the best defence vs APFSDS would be using mini EFP's.

    It's probably the best system of the old Era, 100% contact reactive.

    I see what they've done. No more plate-shapped stuff, just different spec'ed little EFPs.

    Ukraine's Arms Εxports - Page 3 277663_original

    Smart.
    What's Russia's response to this?
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Nov 19, 2016 9:17 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:

    It's not "completely" new, its a frangible EFP counter-action ERA. Kaktus for instance was thought as the same idea as Duplet and Czech/Slovak multilayered Era. The difference is that KDMB thought the best defence vs APFSDS would be using mini EFP's.

    It's probably the best system of the old Era, 100% contact reactive.

    I see what they've done. No more plate-shapped stuff, just different spec'ed little EFPs.

    Ukraine's Arms Εxports - Page 3 277663_original

    Smart.
    What's Russia's response to this?

    In what sense? Offensively? Bigger firepower. Defensively? APS and Kaktus/Relict are completely sufficient to cope with anything that could be thrown at them as of now (bar OTT weapons like taking a Shrike/Maverick/JDAM etc) Hellfire is already (in my opinion) bordering obsolete if the Afganit and Trophy 3Ddo deliver on their "iron dome" promises.
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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 9:24 pm

    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:

    It's not "completely" new, its a frangible EFP counter-action ERA. Kaktus for instance was thought as the same idea as Duplet and Czech/Slovak multilayered Era. The difference is that KDMB thought the best defence vs APFSDS would be using mini EFP's.

    It's probably the best system of the old Era, 100% contact reactive.

    I see what they've done. No more plate-shapped stuff, just different spec'ed little EFPs.

    Ukraine's Arms Εxports - Page 3 277663_original

    Smart.
    What's Russia's response to this?

    In what sense? Offensively? Bigger firepower. Defensively? APS and Kaktus/Relict are completely sufficient to cope with anything that could be thrown at them as of now (bar OTT weapons like taking a Shrike/Maverick/JDAM etc) Hellfire is already (in my opinion) bordering obsolete if the Afganit and Trophy 3Ddo deliver on their "iron dome" promises.

    Aren't they a generation behind if their ERA tiles are still plate-shaped and not utilize mini EFPs? Which is my understanding of Relict. I have no idea about Kaktus or what Armata is meant to field.
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sat Nov 19, 2016 9:56 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:
    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:

    It's not "completely" new, its a frangible EFP counter-action ERA. Kaktus for instance was thought as the same idea as Duplet and Czech/Slovak multilayered Era. The difference is that KDMB thought the best defence vs APFSDS would be using mini EFP's.

    It's probably the best system of the old Era, 100% contact reactive.

    I see what they've done. No more plate-shapped stuff, just different spec'ed little EFPs.

    Ukraine's Arms Εxports - Page 3 277663_original

    Smart.
    What's Russia's response to this?

    In what sense? Offensively? Bigger firepower. Defensively? APS and Kaktus/Relict are completely sufficient to cope with anything that could be thrown at them as of now (bar OTT weapons like taking a Shrike/Maverick/JDAM etc) Hellfire is already (in my opinion) bordering obsolete if the Afganit and Trophy 3Ddo deliver on their "iron dome" promises.

    Aren't they a generation behind if their ERA tiles are still plate-shaped and not utilize mini EFPs? Which is my understanding of Relict. I have no idea about Kaktus or what Armata is meant to field.

    For that to be true the concept behind Nozh should be substantially better than Relict. The concept of mini-EFP to break sabot penetrators is interesting, but in many aspects not that different from the multilayered vision of the Relikt system. Dyna variants used on Slovak layout already shown the peel over angle. As I said, IMO its a good idea, only not exactly tested and still risky with higher velocity compounded rounds or biggr calibre (cue 140mm guns and Russian 152mm answer). With that in mind the system is a bit of oldschool ERA pushed at its maximum.
    KiloGolf
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    Post  KiloGolf Sat Nov 19, 2016 10:14 pm

    KoTeMoRe wrote:For that to be true the concept behind Nozh should be substantially better than Relict. The concept of mini-EFP to break sabot penetrators is interesting, but in many aspects not that different from the multilayered vision of the Relikt system. Dyna variants used on Slovak layout already shown the peel over angle. As I said, IMO its a good idea, only not exactly tested and still risky with higher velocity compounded rounds or biggr calibre (cue 140mm guns and Russian 152mm answer). With that in mind the system is a bit of oldschool ERA pushed at its maximum.

    What about scaling up the EFPs? Make em bigger, chunkier. That could compensate bigger calibers.
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    Post  KoTeMoRe Sun Nov 20, 2016 12:05 pm

    KiloGolf wrote:
    KoTeMoRe wrote:For that to be true the concept behind Nozh should be substantially better than Relict. The concept of mini-EFP to break sabot penetrators is interesting, but in many aspects not that different from the multilayered vision of the Relikt system. Dyna variants used on Slovak layout already shown the peel over angle. As I said, IMO its a good idea, only not exactly tested and still risky with higher velocity compounded rounds or biggr calibre (cue 140mm guns and Russian 152mm answer). With that in mind the system is a bit of oldschool ERA pushed at its maximum.

    What about scaling up the EFPs? Make em bigger, chunkier. That could compensate bigger calibers.

    Weight, and burden. Duplet armour, which is a multi layer would simply get unpractical for the current tanks (legacy Soviet designs).


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