I could be that the Tornado system uses none of the MZKT or Kamaz vehicles pictured above. The photos are just trial and test units to test the rockets/pallets plus loading/offloading etc.
You raise a good point, in fact the vehicles shown could also be for export... perhaps Tornado G is just a concept that can be based on any local truck chassis.
The thing is that the article above talks about three Tornados... T, U, and C.
The article from the original post of the thread and even this article that mentions the three (t,u,c) versions clearly states the version entering service is the g model to replace the grad.
I have seen photos of only two models that have been called Tornado with the small truck and the MZKT being the two trucks, which I really do think are for Russian service.
Remember the Grad is based on a similar light truck, so this model of Tornado (g) might be to make it as cheap to buy and operate, but with a performance upgrade of course being a newer vehicle.
I have only ever seen the g model tornado with the 300mm 6 tube pallet, but as I have seen that same 6 tube 300mm pallet on the MZKT vehicle (two pallets), and also a 15 tube 122mm rocket pallet, also mounted on the MZKT, I think it is fair to assume both chassis should be able to use any rocket pallet.
I have not seen any 220mm pallets, but as they are talking about three vehicles I think what they really mean is that the two known trucks... lets call them Tornado-G and Tornado-SU, because I think the light truck is a replacement for the old Grad and the MZKT will be able to carry pallets with 300mm or 220mm rockets and therefore directly replace both Uragan and Smerch in service.
Two vehicles replacing three, with one of the two vehicles already used for the Iskander/Klub system so it is streamlining their artillery units vehicles while maintaining the firepower and flexibility.
I assume the 220mm rocket pallet... which I have not seen photos of, will carry 8 rockets per pallet, so that the MZKT vehicle with two pallets can match the firepower of the original vehicles it is replacing... Smerch had 12 rocket tubes and Uragan had 16 tubes.
The 1 pallet (6 x 300mm) Kamaz vehicle is certainly not the Tornado. That is a cheaper alternative for Smerch for export customers.
The show it was presented at (and photographed at) described it as Tornado-G as a replacement for Grad.
It will almost certainly be for export for countries that want Smerch but can't afford it.
As the article mentions, the Tornado-G is proably just one vehicle which can handle all 3 calibers (122, 220 and 300mm). Most likely candidates for vehicles are the variants of MZKT and BZKT.
But that is the problem. If the pallets are interchangable then the only point to having three vehicles is if the first vehicle (g) can carry one pallet, the second vehicle (u?) can carry two pallets, and the third vehicle can carry more than two pallets.
Would be interesting if true.
Could Tornado launching vehicle use different rocket pallets or only dedicated ones like Tornado-G only 122 mm,
Well the article suggests Tornado G has 122mm rockets but the photos above show what is labelled a Tornado G with a single 300mm 6 tube pallet... which of course would make it faster loading and more flexible.
In flat open country then a MZKT model with two pallets per vehicle would be ideal, but in rough county with bad roads the smaller lighter G model would be better I think.
Tornado-S only 300 mm? It would be smart, that one launcher could use all three types of rockets and could choose the proper type of rockets considering battlefield situation.
I totally agree. The different rocket types have quite different capabilities... and costs. When targets are 40km away you could choose to use any of the three types, but targets at 70-80km away then you need the 300mm rockets. It makes them more flexible.
Th fact that the MZKT truck above is seen with 122mm rocket pods and 300mm rocket pods suggests it can at least use those two and likely 220mm rocket pallets too.
Have only ever seen the G model with 300mm rockets.