All this agitation about the double F-117 SAM interceptions ,one of which resulted in a destroyed Aircraft, became famous and the other in one damaged beyond repair, and
the creative explanations provided by US,to the public opinion, for the events (..... after which, however, followed a
much less public-opinion-oriented and much more
military-efficiency-grounded ,prompt decision to
retire from operational service the entire F-117's fleet with good peace of the "selective luck" or "mission planning mistake" ridiculous excuses
.....) often
hide a fact much more simple and important : the aircraft losses cited are always referred as those of "Kosovo War air campaign" against "Serbian Air Defense" but that is
FALSE and totally
MISLEADING.
The aircraft losses in question.
and several other highly damaged aircraft ,among which a second F-117 almost downed three day after ,previously cited, two A-10s of which one that barely managed to return home and several BGM-109s and "Predator" UAVs destroyed or damaged )
was NOT the achievements of the entire "Serbian Air Defense" in the course of the air campaign
, but of a SINGLE, "strangely" deadly, SAM battery (the 3th battery of the Serbian 250rd PVO ,operating in the north western sector Belgrade ,under the command of Zoltan Dani ).
Therefore to truly understand the lesson of those events
we must simply identify what elements of difference ,
both under a technical and an operative employment point of view,
had distincted that single battery from all others serbian air defense missile batteries ,that instead revealed themselves to be largely ineffective against NATO air raids (how anyone expected taking into account the crushing numerical, organizative and the technological modernity's gap netween the two sides involded).
I already provided a quick enumeration of the most important ones in the post 661 of the old PAKFA thread.
https://www.russiadefence.net/t183p660-pak-fa-t-50-newsand a brief description of the basis characteristics of all pasted NATO Air Campaigns in the latest 25 years at post 675.
The Kosovo Air Campaign not only validated,
but even rendered wide underestimations, the end of '70 years VKO's models of representation of
impact of masking/decoy operations and SAM's "shoot and scout" capabilities (
anyhow immensely improved in the meantime) in a conflict with NATO Air forces elements.
The
3th/250 Serbian battery ,under command of Zoltan Dani ,in facts,
achieved this highly level of lethality and total resilience to NATO SEAD/DEAD attempts, merely implementing a very little fraction of the capabilities characteristics of up-to date SAM systems of those years and attempting to
mimic a little part of theirs standard operative patterns.
The 3th/250 SAM battery of Z. Dani
had in facts a very high reaction time and
time to target defeat from missile delivery ,in comparison to any up-to-date Russian SAM system of those years, and was therefore very often incapable to engage its intended target (or even wasted the two single missiles that its modified TEL had) because those targets often had ,in the meantime, transited outside the effective area of engagement of the battery's firing units and
the single target engagement's limit prevented it to engagement of the entire strike or SEAD/DEAD groups with theirs F-16CJ escort, in spite to have achieved theirs stable coordinates for a fire solution -as in the instance of the four F-16CGs squad in the F-16 Downing).
The real question therefore should instead be ,what would had happened in 1999
if the entire Serbian IAD was composed of SAM crew with the
same or higher level of proficiency of the 3th battery of 250th Air Defense Missile Brigade and
all was equipped even merely with Buk-M1 and Tor-M1........for not say with S-300, Buk-M1, TOR-M1, 2К22М1, Igla-S in a n area concetration immensely higher with support of Pelena-1 ,SPN-2/4 ,SPN-30 ECM systems and decoy and masking devices immensely more efficients , in conjuction with an Air Force with hundreds of interceptors aircraft and ground based ballistic and cruise missiles capable to cancel Aviano AB and all the aircraft it hosted ,while merely preparing for the Air Campaign, from the face of Earth in a matter of minutes.