Νew Technologies and Innovation Development in Russia

Russian Classified Companies Use Iris Recognition Instead Turngates

Member companies of Rostec State Corporation began integrating the biometric iris identification system codenamed Vzor. According to the system developers from Siber holding, it appeared even more reliable than the layered biometric verification. The solution was demonstrated at the Army-2019 forum.

"The iris recognition is a relatively young technology", said Andrey Gabelko, one of the Vzor system’s developers and a representative of Azimuth (division of Siber). "American and Korean companies have achieved huge success in this area. For example, such giants as LG and Samsung actively working on this aspect. We’ve managed not only to catch up, but even outstrip many of them".

The system’s operating principle is simple: an infrared sensor scans a human iris and, if the biometric parameters are databased, the access is permitted. One of the application examples is the clockhouse of a classified facility, which makes the access cards or other ID means unnecessary. Vzor is already performing such functions at some Rostec companies.

"One of our achievements is identification of a moving person. That means now people don’t need to stop to be identified. As of today, only we and one American company have implemented this function", explained Gabelko. "Our device can check up to 90 persons per minute. It is harder to find a turngate with the same pass-through capability. The record shows it is a critical issue for the companies employing thousands of people".

Another key parameter of Vzor system is accuracy. According to the designers, even the layered biometric verification by several parameters like fingerprints or face geometry cannot ensure such precision. Moreover, to date it is impossible to forge iris. The more statistics the system gets, i.e. the more people register in it, the more effective it will be.

"Presently, we’re researching deeper into the biometry matter, tracing specific aspects and possible deviations, optimizing algorithms to improve the system reliability, updating design, making the device more compact", added Andrey Gabelko."Our researches are conditioned by different applications that need access control. One of the promising areas is the infosphere access, namely, authentication and verification".

  3D Irkutsk construction printer sets Guinness record by building a building in Dubai



The largest 3D printing building in the world has opened in Dubai, already listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The walls of the building were erected with the help of a construction 3D printer, authored by Irkutsk company Apis Cor.

After the sensational demonstration project in Stupin, where Apis Cor erected the first domestic 3D-printed building ( pictured below ) in the winter of 2016-2017, almost nothing was heard about the Irkutsk company, but the guys were not sitting idle. The startup took part in the NASA competition for the development and demonstration of promising building additive technologies for the development of Mars in a team with the New York architectural bureau SEArch +. The team won one of the intermediate stages , just when it came to practical 3D printing, but failed to reach the final.



But it's okay: while NASA decides who will print on Mars, Apis Cor took revenge on Earth by printing a record building in Dubai. For comparison, the area of ​​the house in Stupin was only thirty-seven square meters, while the Dubai building already covers 640 square meters. Moreover, it is also the first of its kind two-story 3D-printed structure with a total height of 9.5 meters. Two and even five-story 3D-printing houses already exist, but with one caveat: previous projects were assembled from previously prepared blocks, while Apis Cor, apparently, printed the building “in its entirety”. The unusual design of the 3D printer played into the hands, which differs from the more common portal systems by its relatively low weight, compactness and resulting transportability.



In Apis Cor 3D printers, the mortar is applied with the head on a telescopic rod mounted on a turntable and height-adjustable. In fact, the installation prints walls around itself. After printing is completed, the equipment is lifted using a truck crane and transferred to a new location for the next stage of work, or to a truck body for transportation. In other words, in this project the first floor was printed first, then the ceilings were laid, the 3D printer was transferred to them and the walls of the second floor were printed. It should be assumed that two floors can not be limited.







As a consumable, a gypsum mixture of our own design, made from local raw materials, was used. After 3D printing of fixed formwork, the walls were filled with reinforcement and then poured with heavy concrete. The calculation of the design was made by Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. When designing, such factors as seismic resistance and vertical loads were taken into account, a modal analysis was carried out, shear and fracture resistance under the influence of horizontal forces was calculated, and so on.







The result of the efforts is the Guinness official record, only registered not at Apis Cor, but at the Dubai municipality that organized the project. Irkutsk printer builders are not mentioned at all in the official summary of the municipality or in the media at all, although the unusual additive system is clearly visible in the video published by the Dubai authorities ( see below ), and the company itself does not hide its involvement in the project. By 2030, the Dubai authorities intend to increase the proportion of new buildings erected using 3D printing technology to 25%. In the Middle East market, Apis Cor will have to compete with a number of enterprises, including the Dutch CyBe Construction with its mobile 3D printer on a tracked platform and the Chinese WinSunwho built the first Dubai 3D printing building in 2017. More information about Apis Cor and the Dubai project can be found on the official website at this link .





https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/128247/#cut

The development of the Russian 16-core microprocessor Elbrus-16S is in full compliance with the approved plan.

As we learned from the act of delivery-acceptance of stage 3 of the ROC "Development and mastering of serial production of universal microprocessor with performance of 1.5 TFlops for the creation on its basis of high-performance computing systems", the cipher Processor-15", all work carried out in full.

Factory TSMC was received on 15 engineering samples of chips 1891ВМ038 (Elbrus-16S) and confirmed their performance.

Commission of the Ministry of industry and trade signed the act of acceptance of works and recommended to proceed to the fourth stage.

The Commission recommended changes and additions to the development of the CPU:

- To increase the total capacity of the cache memory to 48 MB to optimize the performance of the static planning and the significant reduction of conflicts in multi-core work.
- To increase the amount of memory on a single microprocessor up to 1 Terabyte (instead of 256 Gigabytes) by the availability of appropriate memory modules.
- Implement additional hardware and software MP, providing virtualization has the ability to execute code x86-64 (for a more complete use of the parallel capabilities of multi-core architecture).
- To implement hardware capabilities for dynamic optimization are necessary for the efficient execution of dynamic languages and increasing the speed of program due to the additional optimization of their performance.



Was also introduced other significant changes:

- The total throughput of high speed LVDS links increased to 72 GB/sec (12 GB/sec for the transmission and reception of data for each of the 3 links).
- Updated total peak bandwidth channels memory — 76 GB/sec.
- Determined number of USB 3.0 ports — 4
- The structure of the microprocessor included additional controllers: a) SPMC — power management and power consumption level of the computing complex; b) controller universal serial RS-232 port.

But there is in the act and a number of rather controversial and strange decisions.

So, instead of the originally planned memory controller DDR4-3200 in the act specified controller DDR4-2400. Implementation of the four embedded PCI-Express 3.0 (with a total width of up to 32 lines) also has a number of "features": they share a physical line with South bridge KPI-2 and one of three high-speed LVDS links for communication with other processors. And the Ethernet controllers share the same physical line as the SATA controller is 3.0.

But overall it looks pretty promising. The work is going according to plan and barring anything unforeseen, the completion of the development of the microprocessor and its testing by the Commission must occur from October 20 to December 20, 2020.

Officially announced the release of the operating system Alto Education 9.0 for domestic platform "Elbrus", a remarkable built-in support for multi-seat configurations on commercially supplied MCST machines based on "Elbrus 801-RS" with two or three graphic cards Radeon RX 570/580, R7 240, the R5 230.

kvs wrote:The Elbrus is really quite an achievement.   For a VLIW design to develop in a fashion similar to Intel x86 CPUs is not trivial.   There
must be real world exploitation of the VLIW architecture.   This implies a robust software base including binary recompiled commercial
software.   MCST has managed what Intel could not with the Itanium.

kvs wrote:Don't worry.  Russia is not America.  These clowns will not win their litigation since they have nothing to stand on.   Recording faces
of law breaking rent-a-crowd mobs is not "violation of personal privacy".   It is basic law enforcement.   Every single demonstration in
the USA is filmed by the cops exactly to record the faces and clothing of participants.

Here we see how the 5th column liberasts in Russia try to project an image of the west that does not actually exist.   Russia does
not have a camera on every corner like in the UK.   But these scumbags act as if Russia is worse than Orwell's 1984.

Gravity navigation as an instrument of the future

Gravimetric map of Russia and surrounding territories on a scale of 1: 2 500 000. VSEGEI them. A.P. Karpinsky, 2016 / vsegei.com

Several types of navigation systems exist and are widely used, differing in operating principles and measurement accuracy. In the future, a fundamentally new system may be put into operation that calculates the coordinates according to the features of the Earth's gravitational field (GPZ). It is expected that this method of determining the location will be particularly accurate - and at the same time high complexity.

Perspective direction

The presence of a developed space group and the improvement of all basic technologies opens up new opportunities for world science. In particular, the presence of high-precision instruments for measuring the physical fields of the planet and objects on its surface makes it possible to compile detailed models of various kinds suitable for use in various fields. Over the past few years, research has been conducted in our country and abroad in the direction of the so-called gravitational navigation systems. Necessary work is being done and new data is being collected, processed for further use. The basic principles of the new navigation system have already been identified, and the process of its creation continues.

In Russia, several organizations are working in this direction. In particular, the All-Russian Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Engineering Measurements (VNIIFTRI) from Rosstandart is engaged in the creation of techniques for collecting data and processing incoming information about the gas processing plant in order to create new navigation aids.

The principles of operation of the GLONASS satellite system. The complex is critically dependent on radio communications, which leads to risks. Graphics IAC KVNO / glonass-iac.ru

Recent reports on the topic of gravitational navigation appeared the other day. The Zvezda weekly, with reference to the leadership of Rosstandart, wrote about the continuation of work on a promising project and the receipt of new results. They also recalled the benefits of new technologies and their applications.

Measurement and calculation

The concept of gravitational navigation is based on the fact that the GEA parameters at different points on the planet's surface (or above it) are slightly different. Earth is not an ideal ball or ellipsoid; its surface has a complex relief, and the thickness of the earth's crust is composed of different materials. All this affects the parameters of gravity on and near the surface. Often, actual values ​​differ from the calculated values ​​for a given point, which is called the gravitational anomaly. In addition, due to a number of factors, different centrifugal forces are observed at different points.

The concept provides for the measurement of the GPZ parameters and centrifugal force at different points with further processing. The resulting gravimetric map can be entered into the memory of navigation equipment and used in calculations. Based on the data on the GEA, correction of the inertial or satellite navigation systems is possible. In this case, the total error of the entire complex is reduced to centimeters. In addition, the ANN with correction according to the GPZ data is characterized by the highest noise immunity.

Observations show that the GPZ is a fairly reliable "standard" for navigation systems. The rate of change of the gravitational field is much lower than that of the magnetic field, and the GPZ data can be used for decades without a noticeable loss in calculation accuracy. However, earthquakes and other processes can change the state of the gas processing plant and require updating maps.

Practical measures

According to recent reports, Russian scientists - like their foreign colleagues - have been collecting data, searching for gravitational anomalies and compiling gravimetric maps for more than a year. Special equipment on board aircraft and satellites measures the values ​​of fields in a huge number of points and transmits them to ground-based computing centers. The result of this work is a map that can provide high accuracy navigation.

KA of the GLONASS system of various modifications. Graphics IAC KVNO / glonass-iac.ru

The development of navigation equipment capable of using new maps and interacting with other equipment is also being carried out. However, as far as we know, such projects have not yet led to the appearance of products suitable for actual use.

The introduction of new principles of navigation may be hindered by the lack of accurate maps of a significant part of the earth’s surface. In fact, at the moment, navigation through the GPP in practice does not provide any particular advantages over ANNs or satellite systems. The situation can only change in the future when all the necessary research and design work is completed.

Fields of application

New principles of navigation can find application in various fields where particularly precise determination of coordinates, independence from external signal sources, and other specific features is required. First of all, this is military affairs. The appearance of gravitational navigation systems suitable for operation will increase the combat effectiveness of a wide range of models of equipment and weapons.

The military may be interested in both increased accuracy in calculating coordinates and unique noise immunity. In fact, the only way to influence such systems is to artificially change the GPP — which requires tremendous efforts or is not possible at all.

A high-precision guided missile, using a gravimetric map, can more accurately follow a given route and hit a target with known coordinates with a smaller deviation. Such principles can be used by both cruise missiles and ballistic missiles. However, such an operation will require an accurate and up-to-date map of the gas processing plant on the route, which imposes special requirements for reconnaissance and organization of the strike.

Gravitational anomalies on the surface of the Earth according to the NASA GRACE mission. Graphics by NASA / earthobservatory.nasa.gov

New principles of navigation are of great interest to science. With their help, it is possible to carry out more accurate binding, which is useful in various studies in a number of areas. The accuracy of data collection is improved, and this can become the basis for new important discoveries.

We should not forget about civil and commercial transport. Under normal circumstances, ships or aircraft have sufficient navigation aids, but in some situations more accurate systems may be required. It is possible that the emergence of full-fledged efficient means of navigation through the GPP will interest aircraft and shipbuilders, as well as commercial carriers.

Waiting for success

According to recent reports, VNIIFTRI is now busy compiling accurate gravimetric maps of different areas suitable for further use in practice. Data on the GPZ parameters and the observed forces are processed and converted into a form convenient for use. The development of navigation equipment for implementation in practice is also ongoing.

Both of these components of the new direction are distinguished by high complexity, duration and labor. Unfortunately, even the approximate dates for introducing new technologies into practice remain unknown. In addition, the actual prospects of such developments from the point of view of application in various fields are unclear. Nevertheless, work is ongoing, and real results should be expected in the future. If new technologies reach the application and live up to expectations, a radical change will occur in a number of areas.


https://topwar.ru/166983-gravitacionnaja-navigacija-kak-instrument-buduschego.html

Scientists from Russia and China create an “impossible” superconducting compound


Praseodymium Hydride in a Diamond Anvil Cell

MOSCOW, Mar 3 - RIA News. Russian scientists, in collaboration with Chinese colleagues, created a new superconducting compound, which should not have existed from the point of view of classical chemistry, the rare-earth metal hydride praseodymium. The results are published in the journal Science Advances.

Scientists are constantly looking for new superconducting compounds, in which, when cooled to a certain temperature, the electrical resistance completely disappears. Due to this, such substances are able to transfer electricity without loss, which makes them very promising materials for energy networks.

The main candidates for the role of superconductors are hydrogen compounds - hydrides. However, there is a problem that scientists still could not solve - this is the temperature at which substances become superconductors. For most compounds, it is very low, so superconductors used in practice are usually cooled with liquid helium, and expensive and complex equipment must be used. Physicists are trying to find a substance that is a superconductor at room temperature. One of the candidates is metallic hydrogen, but its creation requires enormous pressures of over 4 million atmospheres.

Russian scientists from the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Dmitry Semenok and Artem Oganov, along with Chinese colleagues from Jilin University, created several hydrogen compounds with praseodymium - a metal from the lanthanide group - and studied their physical properties. Compounds differ from each other by the ratio of atoms of these two elements. This work was supported by a grant from the Presidential Program for Research Projects of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF).

Scientists compressed specimens consisting of praseodymium metal and hydrogen between two cone-shaped diamonds to 40 GPa in a special chamber and heated with a laser. At this pressure, the substances reacted to form the PrH3 compound. However, in such experiments, diamonds often become brittle due to contact with hydrogen and are destroyed. Therefore, scientists have replaced pure hydrogen with ammonium borane - a compound containing a large amount of hydrogen, which is released when heated and reacts with praseodymium. Previously, in the same way, scientists synthesized hydrogen compounds with lanthanum - a metal from the same group of rare-earth elements.

This method in this case was effective. By increasing the pressure, the researchers obtained the substance PrH9. It is interesting in that, from the point of view of classical chemistry, such a compound cannot exist, it is "forbidden," as scientists say. Formally, the electronic structure of the praseodymium atom does not allow it to form such a large number of bonds with other atoms. However, the existence of such “incorrect” compounds was predicted by complex quantum calculations and is now confirmed experimentally.

After studying the physical properties of the new substance, scientists found that praseodymium hydride goes into the state of a superconductor at a temperature of -264 degrees Celsius, which is lower than the superconducting temperature of LaH10 lanthanum hydride, obtained by the authors earlier. Scientists explain this by the position of the metal in the periodic table. It turned out that praseodymium atoms are not just electron donors: unlike their neighbors, lanthanum and cerium, they carry small magnetic moments that suppress superconductivity, and therefore its appearance temperature drops.

“Using the method previously used to synthesize lanthanum hydrides, we were able to create new superconducting praseodymium metal hydrides,” the project manager for the foundation’s grant, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, professor of the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Artyom Oganov is quoted in the press release of the Russian Science Foundation. "We made two main conclusions. Firstly, abnormal compounds may occur, the composition of which is not connected in any way with valencies. Secondly, we confirmed the new principle of creating superconductors. We learned that metals from the “lability belt” located between the II and III groups of the periodic table are better for this than all the rest. Of the lanthanides, the closest to the “lability belt” is “lanthanum and cerium."

Scientists plan to use the information obtained in the synthesis of new high-temperature superconductors.

https://ria.ru/20200303/1567758255.html

The technology of 3D printing of large-sized metal wire products was developed



Within the framework of a joint project of the Foundation for Advanced Research and the Bryansk State Technical University (BSTU), additive-subtractive-hardening technology (ASUT) for 3D printing of large-sized metal wire products has been developed. In terms of mechanical and operational properties, the materials obtained are superior to products made from rolled products using classical metalworking methods.

The new technology is based on the doctor of technical sciences, professor Andrei Kirichek and the doctor of technical sciences, professor Dmitry Solovyov developed in the 1990s by BSTU scientists, the method of wave strain hardening (VDU). As a result of the superposition of transmitted and reflected waves in a monolithic metal material, a unique multilayer heterogeneous, naturally reinforced structure is formed, which provides high viscosity and high strength of the material at the same time, which contributes to a multiple increase in operational properties. As shown by control tests, the use of VDU when hardening armor plates can reduce their weight by 15-30% while maintaining the protection class for bullet resistance.

One of the promising areas of VDU application is hardening of metal products obtained by 3D printing. In order to increase productivity and reduce the technological cost of additive production, there has recently been a transition from powder materials to wire feedstock (3DMP technology). Wire is an order of magnitude cheaper than powder, while the productivity of growing wire products is more than 10 times higher. However, despite the obvious advantages over powder materials, existing 3DMP technologies do not provide high quality products. To "heal" the pores and loosening in the material, as a rule, the technology of hot isostatic pressing is used, but it also does not completely solve the problem.

In 2016, the Advanced Research Foundation, based on the Bryansk State Technical University, formed a laboratory of wave deformation and combined hardening in additive and subtractive technologies. The main objective of the project was a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the additive production of large critical engineering products from steel and non-ferrous alloys.

Within the framework of the project, BSTU scientists created a pilot plant for automatic control systems, including an additive module (growing wire products using the electric arc method), a subtractive module (ensuring dimensional accuracy by removing chips) and a strengthening module (structuring, compaction and hardening due to wave deformation). For the cultivation of parts such as bodies of revolution, a modular installation has been developed that allows you to create sophisticated products, including bimetallic ones.

According to the head of the laboratory, Professor Andrei Kirichek, the developed integrated technology has no direct analogues in world practice. “According to the results of the project, we first established the possibility of producing automated process control systems for products whose strength properties of the material are 1.5-2.5 times higher than the corresponding properties of rolled products. Products are also characterized by a high coefficient of material utilization at the level of 0.6-0.8 and high synthesis productivity exceeding 400 cubic centimeters per hour. Potentially, this solution will reduce the technological cost of a cubic centimeter by 17 times and increase the payload on the material, which holds huge reserves for improving the operational properties of products in aviation and astronautics, ”said Andrey Kirichek.

A joint project of the Advanced Research Foundation and the Bryansk State Technical University on the development of technology and equipment for combined hardening using a deformation wave of special metal products obtained by additive and traditional methods was completed in February 2020.

State corporations Roscosmos, Rostec and Rosatom, leading enterprises in the aircraft building industry, are already showing interest in innovative development.

https://fpi.gov.ru/press/news/razrabotana-tekhnologiya-3d-pechati-krupnogabaritnykh-metallicheskikh-izdeliy-iz-provoloki/

Largest nanotube synthesis installation in the world launched in Novosibirsk
When added to almost any other material, carbon nanotubes have multiplied its strength and electric conductivity

NOVOSIBIRSK, February 11. /TASS/. Graphetron 50, the largest nanotube synthesis installation in the world, was launched in Novosibirsk.

The installation, developed by OCSiAl company (a Rusnano portfolio company), will produce graphene nanotubes - a modifier that enhances properties of many materials.

"Following the one-ton machine, deployed and launched here in 2013, we launch the 50-ton installation today," Rusnano Chairman Anatoly Chubais said, adding that this is "an event of an international importance."

"There is nothing comparable to this on the Earth. We are talking industrial installation that can produce material that no one can produce in such volumes. The material itself is 150 times stronger than steel," the official underscored.

When added to almost any other material, carbon nanotubes have multiplied its strength and electric conductivity.

"I can say responsibly that it is here, in Novosibirsk Region, in Akademgorodok, in OCSiAl company, that we create the new era of mankind’s materials. Nobody can truly comprehend the scale of its importance yet," Chubais concluded.

The new installation is OCSiAl's second. It’s production capability is 50 tons of graphene nanotubes per year. The first installation, Graphetron 1.0, has been launched in 2014 and is currently capable of producing 25 tonnes per year.

About Rusnano and OCSiAl
Rusnano JSC was created on March 11, 2011, during reorganization of Russian Nanotechnology Corporation, with part of the state-owned corporation property being transferred to Fund for Infrastructure and Educational Programs (FIEP), tasked with development of innovative infrastructure in nanotech sphere.

Currently, Rusnano Group, which includes JSC, Rusnano Management Company and the FIEP, is a part of Russian system of innovative development institutions. It invests primarily in high-tech companies past the venture stage and in need of additional funding to increase production and sales. The assets of Rusnano JSC are controlled by Rusnano Management Company, created in 2013, and headed by Anatoly Chubais.

OCSiAl is the first company in Rusnano portfolio with net worth of $ 1 billion, recognized as a "unicorn" (a startup company valued at over $1 bln). In 2019, the company was included in two unicorn lists at the same time: The Crunchbase Unicorn Leaderboard and the CBInsights’s The Global Unicorn Club. OCSiAl was the only Russian unicorn in the Industrial category.

About nanotubes
The first carbon nanotubes were created and studied in 1991. The first experiments revealed that the new material has a number of useful properties. In particular, nanotubes are great at conducting heat and electric current; they are mechanically strong and stable. However, it was later discovered that nanotubes’ practical use is limited due to their small size and difficulties in binding them into continuous tissues.

Despite this, it was relatively recently discovered that the nanotubes present great interest if added to other materials or even "inserted" into living cells. For example, three years ago, the US scientists managed to convert plants into ultra-sensitive explosives detectors that glow in presence of explosives’ molecules in the air. They also managed to triple the effectiveness of photosynthesis using nanotubes.

https://tass.com/science/1118663