Νew Technologies and Innovation Development in Russia

kvs wrote:Then these hypocrites accuse Russia of being "a gas station posing as a country".   As soon as Russia stopped bending over and
being their colony they started accusing it of not diversifying enough and attracting foreign investment.   This is doublespeak for
returning to the plantation.  

Ukraine is learning this the hard way.   But its populace is too deluded to realize the situation.

I can't find information about a Daniel List so I think the name is wrong:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_List

There were no Daniels in Germany and Austria back then.

Was a translation from AgitPRO so maybe something got lost. Possibly Friedrich.

New military technology arriving 2021...

https://www.rt.com/op-ed/510741-russia-weapon-expect-2021/

Russia ranks third in the world by number of CCTV cameras

There are 93 cameras per 1,000 people in Russia, according to a study Nikolai Moshkov/TASS, archive

MOSCOW, December 25. /TASS/. Russia is ranked third in the world after China and the United States by the number of video surveillance cameras installed. According to the study by the TelecomDaily information analytical agency, there are 93 cameras per 1,000 people in Russia. Currently, there are about 13.5 million cameras in Russia, while there are 200 million and 50 million cameras in China and the United States respectively. In terms of the number of cameras per 1,000 people, the US ranks first (152.8 cameras), followed by China (143.6) and Russia (93.2), the study notes.

In general, the cloud video surveillance market in the world remains one of the fastest growing IT segments. In 2019, its volume was $1.55 billion and by the end of 2020 it is expected to amount to $1.83 billion. By 2024, this market will reach $2.75 billion and will almost double in five years.
Video surveillance market in Russia

At the end of 2019, in Russia, the market volume exceeded 2.76 bln rubles ($37.2 mln), having increased by one third compared to 2018. According to preliminary forecasts, the market will earn 3.53 billion rubles ($47.6 mln) by the end of 2020 and by 2024, revenues in this sector will soar 2.3 times, to 6.36 billion rubles ($85.7 mln), TelecomDaily notes.

According to forecasts for 2020, slightly less than 90% of revenue in this segment was generated by B2B companies. Individuals contributed about 9%, public sector (B2G) accounted for 1.4% and B2B2C clients - for 1.1%. Russia’s digital services provider Rostelecom is the leader in the retail market (86%). It is followed by the Invideon company (5%), telecom operator MTS and MGTS(2%) and Novotelecom (1.5%). The rest of the companies control 5.3% of the total.

Misleading information. Just try to find CCTV cameras hanging off every building like in the UK.

Russia looks to become leader in hydrogen tech
1 Jan, 2021

Russia's vast natural gas reserves and renewables potential could make it one of the world's largest hydrogen producers within the next decades.
Russia’s mineral and energy wealth has given it a second chance in global affairs after the Cold War and the implosion of the Soviet Union. Oil and gas exports have provided the necessary income to rebuild the country and exert influence abroad. The energy transition is the ‘Sword of Damocles’ hanging over the Russian fossil fuel industry. Moscow, therefore, is trying to find a new purpose for its energy industry by early investments in hydrogen technologies.

Russia’s energy ministry is working on a hydrogen strategy in cooperation with foreign partners in Japan and Germany. The tools for this transformation are the country’s energy titans Rosatom, Novatek, and Gazprom. Each of these companies, with the support of Moscow, is looking into different technologies to produce and export the hydrogen.

According to deputy prime minister Alexander Novak, “experts say that hydrogen may constitute 7 to 25 percent of the global energy balance by 2050, as soon as the issues of high production costs and the challenges related to transportation are resolved.”

To develop a hydrogen sector, Russia intends to use the assets it already possesses such as the world's largest natural gas reserves, strong nuclear know-how, and high-class energy research facilities. The country’s energy mix is a reflection of the current state of affairs.

Russia has one of the world’s largest nuclear plant fleets which is built and operated by state-owned Rosatom. A significant order portfolio for new plants both domestically and abroad is an incentive to develop and improve existing technologies. Therefore, nuclear energy is seen as an asset which through the process of electrolysis could be used to produce ‘yellow’ hydrogen.

Russian and Japanese officials and representatives of their respective industries are already in talks for cooperation opportunities. In this regard, Rosatom and Japan’s Kawasaki Heavy Industries intend to export the first shipment by 2024. The Japanese intend to expand their knowledge of the industry and build on the experience of importing hydrogen from their enterprise in Australia that will start operations in 2021.

Furthermore, Novatek, Russia’s largest independent gas producer, is already looking for new opportunities to supplement its LNG activities. According to CEO Leonid Mikhelson, the company is planning to build steam-methane reforming facilities on the Yamal peninsula to produce hydrogen. Additional carbon capture and storage projects will be required to produce so-called ‘blue’ hydrogen and meet the necessary standards. Mikhelson expects hydrogen to represent “a noticeable share in global energy consumption between 30 and 40 years from today.”

Russia's vast natural gas reserves and renewables potential could make it one of the world's largest hydrogen producers within the next decades.
Russia’s mineral and energy wealth has given it a second chance in global affairs after the Cold War and the implosion of the Soviet Union. Oil and gas exports have provided the necessary income to rebuild the country and exert influence abroad. The energy transition is the ‘Sword of Damocles’ hanging over the Russian fossil fuel industry. Moscow, therefore, is trying to find a new purpose for its energy industry by early investments in hydrogen technologies.

Russia’s energy ministry is working on a hydrogen strategy in cooperation with foreign partners in Japan and Germany. The tools for this transformation are the country’s energy titans Rosatom, Novatek, and Gazprom. Each of these companies, with the support of Moscow, is looking into different technologies to produce and export the hydrogen.

According to deputy prime minister Alexander Novak, “experts say that hydrogen may constitute 7 to 25 percent of the global energy balance by 2050, as soon as the issues of high production costs and the challenges related to transportation are resolved.”

To develop a hydrogen sector, Russia intends to use the assets it already possesses such as the world's largest natural gas reserves, strong nuclear know-how, and high-class energy research facilities. The country’s energy mix is a reflection of the current state of affairs.

Russia has one of the world’s largest nuclear plant fleets which is built and operated by state-owned Rosatom. A significant order portfolio for new plants both domestically and abroad is an incentive to develop and improve existing technologies. Therefore, nuclear energy is seen as an asset which through the process of electrolysis could be used to produce ‘yellow’ hydrogen.

Russian and Japanese officials and representatives of their respective industries are already in talks for cooperation opportunities. In this regard, Rosatom and Japan’s Kawasaki Heavy Industries intend to export the first shipment by 2024. The Japanese intend to expand their knowledge of the industry and build on the experience of importing hydrogen from their enterprise in Australia that will start operations in 2021.

Furthermore, Novatek, Russia’s largest independent gas producer, is already looking for new opportunities to supplement its LNG activities. According to CEO Leonid Mikhelson, the company is planning to build steam-methane reforming facilities on the Yamal peninsula to produce hydrogen. Additional carbon capture and storage projects will be required to produce so-called ‘blue’ hydrogen and meet the necessary standards. Mikhelson expects hydrogen to represent “a noticeable share in global energy consumption between 30 and 40 years from today.”

Russia’s unchallenged gas champion Gazprom, however, is pursuing a different path. The company already operates extensive pipeline infrastructure to Europe and is expanding capacity to China. Due to the lifetime of the pipelines, hydrogen could be used to extend operations well after natural gas has been phased out. Before pure hydrogen can be pumped, admixing is a good alternative to reduce the carbon footprint and meet the requirements of customers.

The technology Gazprom is looking into, however, is a process called methane pyrolysis. For this technique, natural gas is still used as the starting point of the process but the byproduct is different from methane reforming. By using heat, natural gas molecules are broken down into hydrogen and carbon which is not gaseous but solid. The carbon then can be used for other industrial processes and increase the value of the process.

Lastly, while renewables are not a big part of Russia's energy mix and the government hasn't announced ambitious plans, there is a bright future for wind in the country. Especially the coastal regions in the northwest are highly suitable for ‘green’ hydrogen production through electrolysis. The existing natural gas pipelines could be reused to pump hydrogen to consumers.

Despite the potential and intentions to become a hydrogen exporter, there is a very long way to go. Russia is one of the country’s most seriously affected by the energy transition due to its sizeable fossil fuel exports. Moscow realizes, therefore, that the current modus operandi is not sustainable. The current hydrogen plans are imperative to diversify the economy and develop new industries.

https://www.rt.com/business/511320-russia-leadership-hydrogen-tech/

There is no sense in making H2 from CH4 in the long term. It is only as a transition regime to bootstrap a hydrogen fuel economy
where the hydrogen is manufactured without carbon release by solar panel farms, wind mills and yes big bad nuclear. The much
touted alternative energy sources are extremely variable and fail as base load (of course nuclear power is not on this list). Taking
the electricity from alt power generation and storing it in chemical form as H2 makes much more sense than trying to use the electricity
as base load power.

Wind mill poster boys like Denmark pull the following trick which almost never gets talked about by alt energy boosters. It exports
its variable wind power to the EU grid and then imports back stable power.

The problem with using H2 as a fuel is that storing it and handling it is a bitch. It diffuses into metal and makes it brittle. It needs
to be compressed since it is a gas. Using NH3 instead of H2 makes much more sense since ammonia is just a volatile fluid at
room temperature so one can fill a tank like with gasoline. The only issue that NH3 has is that it produces NOx if burned directly.
NOx is both a pollutant and greenhouse gas family. So NH3 has to be burned in fuel cells that produce inert N2 instead of NOx.

I partially agree, renewables like wind and sun have a big advantage (essentially zero marginal costs of generation) and a big disadvantage, their variability. It would be premature though to dismiss them because of that, in fact as we speak new investments are already including directly coupled battery capacity to shift generation to the more profitable hours of the day, to provide reserve generation capacity and other functions. This is already becoming economically profitable. Another important tool is the improved transmission lines that can shift power from West to East with losses that are not so extreme as one may think, in fact generating H2 and compressing it is way worse. So there are already a set of solutions for those issues and they are being worked out. As it happens so often, optimizing what already exists is worth more than many revolutionary approaches.

kvs wrote:There is no sense in making H2 from CH4 in the long term.   It is only as a transition regime to bootstrap a hydrogen fuel economy
where the hydrogen is manufactured without carbon release by solar panel farms, wind mills and yes big bad nuclear.    The much
touted alternative energy sources are extremely variable and fail as base load (of course nuclear power is not on this list).   Taking
the electricity from alt power generation and storing it in chemical form as H2 makes much more sense than trying to use the electricity
as base load power.

Wind mill poster boys like Denmark pull the following trick which almost never gets talked about by alt energy boosters.   It exports
its variable wind power to the EU grid and then imports back stable power.    

The problem with using H2 as a fuel is that storing it and handling it is a bitch.   It diffuses into metal and makes it brittle.   It needs
to be compressed since it is a gas.   Using NH3 instead of H2 makes much more sense since ammonia is just a volatile fluid at
room temperature so one can fill a tank like with gasoline.   The only issue that NH3 has is that it produces NOx if burned directly.
NOx is both a pollutant and greenhouse gas family.   So NH3 has to be burned in fuel cells that produce inert N2 instead of NOx.

Russia will most likely use it as a method to sell. Nothing more. Russia is poised for expansion of nuclear power even more so and natural gas while eventually converting coal plants to natural gas.

https://ourworldindata.org/energy-mix

I never claimed that alternatives are useless. My post was clearly aimed at the whole H2 from CH4 issue. Natural gas extraction
is not any sort of alternative energy. It is a direct global warming contributor.

My whole point was that H2 is a stupid fuel compared to NH3 when dealing with the intermittency of solar and wind. The above
link shows you just how small the alternatives are as a fraction of global energy sources. They have been in this boutique category
for decades. Expecting them to quickly replace coal, oil and gas is simply delusional BS. But global warming is not waiting for
humanity to grow a brain.

GarryB wrote:If they can extract Hydrogen from CH4, that would be a useful way of extracting evil carbon from methane in a way that gives you solid carbon in a commercially useful form rather than putting it into the air to create damage in the form of CO2 for instance.

It suggests a way of extracting the useful hydrogen and useful solid carbon from otherwise hazardous methane... just burning it would release carbon into the air in a bad way...

H2 extraction from CH4 results in the production of CO and CO2.

https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-natural-gas-reforming

I have not heard of any deployed process where pure carbon is a product. That is what would be required to give the "clean" property you describe.

Note that there is research on alternative methods of H2 production from CH4.

https://fuelcellsworks.com/news/gazprom-develops-climate-neutral-production-for-hydrogen/

Pretty important news especially for future interplanetary space travel to protect astronauts. https://ria.ru/20201116/urfu-1584446549.html?in=t

Glass for radiation protection, which is three times more effective than existing analogues, was created by scientists of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (UrFU). The results are published in the journal Journal of Materials Research and Technology.
The so-called heavy glass, which includes compounds with a high atomic number, is used to protect personnel from radiation at nuclear and industrial facilities, laboratories and medical centers.

UrFU scientists investigated the radiation resistance of the glass of the prospective composition of xBi2O3-30B2O3-(65-x)ZnO-5BaO. According to them, the experiments showed excellent shielding properties of such glasses: mass easing factor, free mileage, a layer of ten-fold weakening and their other radiation characteristics exceed the parameters of materials traditionally used in radiation protection - concrete and lead.

"Our material has proven to be three times more effective at absorbing photod radiation than the similar "heavy" glass is common today. Accordingly, performing a comparable task, it can be three times thinner. This gives a number of advantages, including noticeable savings," said Maria Pyshkina, a researcher in the Department of Experimental Physics at UrFU.

Rosatom presented a mobile data processing center based on Kamaz.

For mobile hacker teams?

CATAPULT LAUNCHING TESTS OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE WITH A RAMJET PULSED-DETONATION ENGINE


Abstract: The results of catapult launching tests of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with power plants based on one and two paired ramjet pulsed detonation engines (PDEs) are presented. The world’s first autonomous flight of an UAV with a new type of ramjet power plant is demonstrated. The power plant includes an air intake with a mechanical check valve and detonation tube and is fueled by hydrocarbon fuels including regular aviation kerosene. At the speed of the approaching air flow from 30 to 120 m/s, the power plant provides the effective thrust up to 250 N with a fuel-based specific impulse of 1000–1200 s. The results of catapult launching tests of UAVs with a takeoff mass of up to 100 kg have shown that the PDE-based power plants provide a subsonic flight with acceleration and climbing. Due to the simplicity of design and low cost, as well as high propulsion performances, such power plants can be considered as an alternative to the propulsion units based on piston and turbojet engines for subsonic UAVs.
Keywords: pulsed detonation engine; power plant; experimental sample; catapult launching tests; thrust performance; specific impulse
DOI: 10.30826/CE19120108

Not a joke. Russia like other countries is working on flying cars. But the project covered in the above video (5:35)
is actually serious. It has a range of 100 km and can carry two passengers and has a size comparable to a regular
sedan. Its flight ceiling is stated as 150 m. But I think this is not a real number since the aerodynamics at 300 m is
not significantly different. The real problem is urban canyon turbulence and wind shear. Just like ultralight aircraft
and even larger aircraft have problems in mountainous zones, these flying cars will be tossed around as well. These
conditions do not disappear at 150 m and lower. Wind gusts can be extreme even at ground level.

Nice roads.

I think the concept being developed in Russia is not private flying cars for everyone, but a flying taxi. So this would be
a type of small helicopter service instead of a ground vehicle service. I assume that the flying taxi drivers will be qualified
pilots and not some random Joe Blow.

But the problem of wind and turbulence in my view is the real show stopper for these concepts. People are high on
future tech and watch too many movies like Blade Runner. All of it is detached from reality and fantasy fiction. In the
real world the urban canyon effect is terminal for these light flying devices. They will not have the engine power
to prevent themselves being tossed around like leaves in autumn. If someone thinks that I am exaggerating,
then consider the idiot pilot of the Sukhoi SSJ in Indonesia who ignored altitude safety limits and plowed into a ridge.
Then we had John Denver who disappeared in a leisure flight through a mountainous area. The air is not thin
enough to be ignored and will exert enough force to f*ck up both you and your flying device.

A more focused video on the flying taxi.

It looks like a scam to me. Where are the fuel tanks and those rinky dink fans are not going to be effective at all.
They do not actually show this thing flying. I would be wary of some liberast psyop where this joke is used to
make fun of Russia when it flops.

Yes, pyrolysis is the way to actually get H2 without CO2 and CO release.

But the point should not be to get H2 but to use fuel cells to extract energy from any fuel in a controlled manner.
For example NH3 into H2O and N2. H2 into H2O is not the only option. NH3 can be stored as a liquid without
effort. H2 is a royal PITA.

Flying cars won't ever take off (pun intended). Can't regulate the traffic, deadly if fuel runs out, lack of infrastructure to land the system, etc etc.