How Belousov is changing the Russian military machine, by Alexey Anpilogov for VZGLYAD. 01.03.2025.
One of the key military-political events of 2024 was the change in the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defence. The ministry was headed by First Deputy Prime Minister Andrei Belousov. Why did a civilian, an economist, become the most appropriate candidate to head the military department, and what results has he already achieved?
The appointment of Andrey Belousov as Minister of Defence in May 2024 to replace Sergey Shoygu was unexpected, but to some extent predetermined by the situation that had developed in the Armed Forces by the beginning of last year. Despite successfully repelling the large-scale Ukrainian counteroffensive of 2023, at that time the Russian army was struggling to “turn the wheel of war”, having only achieved success in the difficult and viscous offensive operation around Avdiivka.
The military actions of 2024 were very different from the conditions in which Russia began the special operation. First of all, for obvious reasons, financial expenditures on the army have increased significantly. They now amount to 6.3% of GDP, 2.5% more than before, which required special attention to control over expenses and their rationality.
"The nomination of Belousov for this post is largely due to the fact that the entire defence bloc in modern realities needs competent economic management. Because, as we see, the format of military operations is changing and requires, first of all, a stable property supply of the logistics support base," said political scientist and analyst at the Centre for Expert Support of Political Processes Petr Kolchin on this matter.
In addition, the picture on the battlefield has changed, new types of weapons have appeared, based on new technologies of communication and information processing. Among them, unmanned vehicles have stood out, effectively turning upside down both the tactics and strategy of military operations.
"It is obvious that digitalization in the military department is now necessary," Yevgeny Minchenko, president of the Minchenko Consulting communications holding, noted then regarding the first expectations from the new head of the Ministry of Defence. "Issues related to drones, electronic warfare systems, and microelectronics will play a key role," military expert Boris Rozhin confirmed this idea. After all, it was precisely the creation of unmanned systems that Belousov oversaw in his previous post as First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government.
As a result, as 2024 showed, Belousov's actions focused on several critical areas in the work of the Ministry of Defence - both those already mentioned and a number of others. We will list only the most important and obvious ones.
1. Rationalization of military expenditures. Experience in managing civilian economic systems helped to more effectively direct military budget funds to the most necessary areas.
“Judging by the results on the battlefield, the growing equipment of our troops and the interception of the strategic initiative at the front, the Ministry of Defence has not only improved the quality of military acceptance work, but has also established control over the spending of state funds... There is more order,” says military expert Vasily Dandykin.
2. Improving the quality and speed of administration by eliminating unnecessary management links. The head of the Ministry of Defence himself, at the final board meeting of the department in mid-December, spoke about the first results of projects to optimize administrative processes in a number of department structures - "the number of redundant procedures can be reduced by 5-10 times, and the timeframes - by 5 or more times." The defence department plans to create an integrated information system.
At the same time, at a meeting of the Defence Ministry, President Vladimir Putin ordered the creation of a single information circuit in the troops, combining reconnaissance and destruction assets at different levels of command.
3. Focus on inventions, innovations, new technical solutions. This is exactly what President Vladimir Putin paid attention to when appointing the new head of the department. Under the new Minister of Defence, changes related to the introduction of new military systems, such as drones, unmanned boats, artillery systems, and high-precision munitions, have accelerated sharply.
"Today, a huge number of innovative technical developments are being carried out directly in the troops, showing high results... All this allows us to save thousands of lives of our servicemen. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct a full inventory of such military developments. To conduct their field tests on a systematic basis. And to organize serial production of the best models," Belousov said.
4. Support for the "people's military-industrial complex". Military personnel, in cooperation with civilian volunteers, are actively introducing many new technical solutions on the battlefield. Military innovators and volunteers who supply components and finished products that have not been accepted for service or supply are people without whom the current military actions would hardly be possible.
The Ministry of Defence has turned to our new Kulibins (by the way, one of the main suppliers of products from the “people’s military-industrial complex” to the troops was the “Kulibin Club” of the “People’s Front”). There, in these basement workshops, are strike “drones” and so-called closers – homing modules that guide a drone that has flown into the jamming zone of an enemy’s electronic warfare dome system to its target. Evacuation carts for the wounded, robotic transporters, electronic reconnaissance and jamming systems, carried by one or two soldiers, also appeared there.
5. Primary attention to UAVs. It is this means of armed conflict that has changed the face of combat in the 21st century. Therefore, by the end of the year, Andrey Belousov announced the creation of a new branch of the armed forces – the Troops of Unmanned Systems (TUS). In simple terms, these are units whose main means of armed conflict are drones – both FPV drones and heavy copters.
Experts have repeatedly raised the issue of Russia needing its own centralized structure in the troops, which would allow the development of strike formations, a training system, and tactical models of use - up to the inclusion of standards for the use of strike drones in the Combat Regulations of the Ground and Airborne Forces. Today, among domestic experts, the opinion has been formed that unmanned systems are the so-called "end-to-end technology" that should permeate all types of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces. This means that Russian UAS can be the same as the signal troops - engaged in the introduction of combat and auxiliary robotic systems into all structures of the army, navy and aviation. Judging by the fact that Belousov referred to the development of unmanned systems of "air, land and sea basing" during the SVO, this is how the Russian UAS will be organized.
It is worth understanding that Belousov's reforms are not only for the sake of winning a special operation. The Minister of Defence openly says that the country is preparing for a possible military conflict with NATO, and in the next ten years. This means that Russia right now needs decisions that will ensure at least a long-term balance in the ongoing global confrontation - given that the collective West has much greater resources, including purely military ones.
In a long-term confrontation with the West, it is important to skillfully combine economics and military affairs. Judging by the first results of the work of economist Belousov as Minister of Defence, this is exactly what we see.
The criteria and principles of military spending are changing. The principle proclaimed by Belousov when his candidacy was being considered in parliament, "it is possible to make mistakes, but it is not allowed to lie," is being implemented. The military-industrial complex, including the "people's military-industrial complex," is becoming one of the main points of economic growth in Russia, a place where the best minds, engineers, and inventors are concentrated.
Of course, the "Belousov reforms" are being implemented together with the head of the department and his team - the composition of the deputy ministers of defence has also been updated. And if the military-operational leadership in the person of the first deputy, the head of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov remained the same, then, for example, a new head of logistics - deputy minister, Colonel General Andrei Bulyga, state secretary - deputy minister responsible for personnel and heading the "Defenders of the Fatherland" fund Anna Tsivileva, deputy minister responsible for construction and property of the department - Pyotr Fradkov were appointed. These appointments in themselves make it clear which areas of the Ministry of Defence's activities were strengthened in the past year.
With all this, there is still much to be done. And a lot depends on how effectively Belousov's team works in the Ministry of Defence, how truthful the information is that is reported to him, and on how correct conclusions are made on its basis - from the outcome of the SVO to whether Russia will be able to withstand military conflicts of the future.
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