Russian ABM Development

GarryB wrote:

Based on these specs and other sources, it looks like the S-500 is going to be something like an S-400ER (extended range), but with a significant emphasis against hyper-sonic threats, it looks like the Nodul is going to be there real dedicated ABM system.

No.

S-500 is a mobile development of the S-300 and S-400 series SAMs and will primarily be used against ballistic missiles while S-400 or S-300V4 operates under it defeating other aerial threats.

Nudel is a mobile version of the Moscow ABM system and will probably be deployed to major Russian cities and major military centres like the HQs of the four military districts together with probably S-400 and other SAMs to defend the areas.

They are developments in two different directions... but I suspect Nudel will also have anti satellite roles as well.

GarryB wrote:
No.

S-500 is a mobile development of the S-300 and S-400 series SAMs and will primarily be used against ballistic missiles while S-400 or S-300V4 operates under it defeating other aerial threats.

So GarryB, as on this date the only difference between the S-500 & the S-400 is that the S-500 is a mobile version of the S-400? Is that right?

GarryB wrote:
No.

The S-400 is a part replacement for the S-300... the S-350 will also replace the S-300.

The S-500 is new and is basically a mobile ABM system.

jhelb wrote:

GarryB wrote:
No.

The S-400 is a part replacement for the S-300... the S-350 will also replace the S-300.

The S-500 is new and is basically a mobile ABM system.

But then from whatever open source material is available(especially in the Russian media) it seems S-500 will share the same missiles as the S-400, however the S-500 will get a new AESA radar.

As far as S-350 is concerned, is there still a need for Buk-3 because the S-350 can do the job of the Buk?

But then from whatever open source material is available(especially in the Russian media) it seems S-500 will share the same missiles as the S-400, however the S-500 will get a new AESA radar.

As far as S-350 is concerned, is there still a need for Buk-3 because the S-350 can do the job of the Buk?

AlfaT8 wrote:There's a lot of conflicting information out there, but we could be fairly certain that the S-500 missile isn't the same as that of the S-400 from the fact that it needs to intercept hypersonic targets.

GarryB wrote:
No it wont share missile design with the S-400... the S-500 is primarily an ABM missile, while the S-400 is a longer ranged S-300 with targets including but not limited to air breathing and short to medium range ballistic targets and cruise missiles.

It is highly likely the S-500 will be a multiple stage design that does not need a 150kg warhead like the S-400 and S-300 missiles.

OK! Good to know. Do you have the names of the missiles that the S-500 will use?

If it's true that A-235 will be mobile then I am not sure what purpose the S-500 will serve? My guess is that the A-235 will be used for exo-atmospheric interception & if that fails then the S-500 will be used for endo atmospheric interception.

jhelb wrote:

AlfaT8 wrote:There's a lot of conflicting information out there, but we could be fairly certain that the S-500 missile isn't the same as that of the S-400 from the fact that it needs to intercept hypersonic targets.

Even S-400 is supposed to intercept hypersonic targets. That's what the 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 missiles are for, exo atmospheric interception of warheads travelling at hypersonic speeds.

"C-500 will allow for interception purposes, including enemy warheads in near space and implement the concept of direct kinetic interception, that is, the destruction of the attacking warheads direct hit missiles", - Korochenko, adding noted that S-500 serial production of air defense missile systems planned for the Nizhny Novgorod plant 70 Anniversary of Victory within the group of EKR "Almaz-Antey".

President of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems Konstantin Sivkov in turn, noted that the tested anti-missile missile is designed to cover the areas in accordance with the agreement on the limitation of anti-missile systems to the United States, but in non-compliance with the United States the terms of the contract, this complex may appear in other places, including marine carriers.

"This event can be assessed only positively, because the test was successful. This missile defense system provides cover areas in accordance with the ABM Treaty, which was concluded with the United States. Russia this agreement does not violate, in contrast to the United States, and yet we consider occupancy of these complexes in the harmonized areas, but what will happen next - it depends on the situation ", - said Sivkov.

The expert did not rule out that this complex defense system in the long term can be placed on sea carriers similar to the American system of "Aegis", but this is necessary to create the appropriate electronic equipment.

GarryB wrote:

OK! Good to know. Do you have the names of the missiles that the S-500 will use?

No idea... not many people actually know.

Don't know whether it is single or two stage... has been said it will be a new missile and not based on S-400, though it may operate with S-400.

If it's true that A-235 will be mobile then I am not sure what purpose the S-500 will serve? My guess is that the A-235 will be used for exo-atmospheric interception & if that fails then the S-500 will be used for endo atmospheric interception.

Nudels missiles will be truck based and likely mobile but the radars and infrastructure needed to use them will likely be largely fixed.

Think of S-400 as being Patriot/THAAD and S-500 being PAC-3/THAAD-ER, while Nudol is getting close to being a dedicated anti sat and anti ICBM system...

Except that S-400 can deal with a wide range of targets including those travelling at 4.8km/s, while S-500 will be able to deal with targets travelling at 7km/s and some low orbit objects, while Nudel will be able to hit incoming ICBMs and satellites in low and possibly medium orbit too.

Ok. So I was wondering how can Russia develop countermeasures to US MIRVs if it doesn't have detailed knowledge about the way MIRVs manoeuvre. As a Russian this is of concern to me.

MOSCOW, June 7. /TASS/. Russia’s defense industry has proposed to the Defense Ministry a rational missile defense option that will allow for opening an anti-missile umbrella over the country’s whole territory, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said on Wednesday.

"The joint working group for creating the technical basis of Russia’s air and space defense, which I have led since 2012, has arrived at the conclusion that the industry and military scientists have managed to propose to the Defense Ministry a rational option of creating the country’s missile defense shield, including the ground and space components. Once Russia’s integral space system is in place, Russia will find itself under an anti-missile umbrella," he said.

On the creation of Russia's 2025 national layered missile defense system announced "Parliamentary newspaper" the chief designer of the warning system (EWS) Sergey Boev . It should include anti-missile systems to intercept long-range, anti-aircraft missile defense, missile defense and anti-missile systems near interception.

Sergey Boev substantiated the need to create a layered missile defense system that would protect the entire country, a "direct threat" posed by the deployment in Romania and Poland ground facilities of European missile defense. "It is possible covert conversion of launchers for placement of medium-range ballistic missiles," - he said. Although no particular alterations and no required - launchers that host missile SM-3 are versatile and can be used to run a number of ballistic missiles, which are prohibited Treaty on intermediate and lower range. It is no accident in the United States recently held a debate about the correction of the treaty.

The first train - distant. It is based on the implementation of the missile defense system modernization project in Moscow and the Central Industrial District A-135 "Amur" to A-235 "Nudol". These works should be completed by 2020. And then the same will be taken into service two new anti-missiles - short-range and long-range. Now they pass their test at the Sary-Shagan in Kazakhstan.

When setting the A-135 on the alert system has two missiles: 53T6 and 51T6 neighbor intercept long-range interception. In 2006 began the dismantling of long-distance missiles. Left alone near. However, the name does not fully reflect the technical characteristics of the missile 53T6. Its interception range - 100 km, height - 30 km.

However, the real possibility of intercepting short-range missiles is significantly higher. After the end of the general state tests missile defense system designer A-135 A.G.Basistov announced that the missile has a large inventory on all parameters relative to those entered in the documents on its certification. It is capable to hit ballistic targets at ranges of 2.5 times larger and at altitudes 3 times larger. It is, accordingly, 250 km and 90 km.

The same can be said of the modified anti-missiles to intercept long-range. A number of reports from sources in the Defense Ministry and defense industry in its distance should reach 1,500 km, and the maximum interception altitude - 750 km. It is capable of destroying not only the IDB on the middle and end parts of the trajectory, but also the orbital spacecraft. In connection with the missile defense "Nudol" system informally called "fighter satellites."

There are other significant differences. Older interceptors are basing mine. That is "dug into the earth," and can not be transferred. New can move on mobile launchers. This means that their deployment in the region of interest will not be a big problem. As the establishment of a rhythmic series production missiles and other elements of a missile defense system to intercept long-distance train will be deployed at all missile-dangerous directions. And it is given 5 years: in 2020 to intercede on alert missile defense system "Nudol" in Moscow, and the national, ie Global within the country, the missile defense system will be fully rolled out in 2025.

Middle tier Protection provides S-500 "Prometheus". In fact, the two systems - air and missile defense, each of them quite autonomous. This is determined by the fact that the system has two distinct hardware pieces, including various radar AFAR, and two sets of missiles - for aerodynamic purposes, which include not only the aircraft, but also cruise missiles, and ballistic.

Often used in the S-500 missiles borrowed from the S-400 "Triumph". Three missiles are specially designed for the "Prometheus." The most powerful of them - 40N6M - has a range of 600 km. This missile is three times higher than the US missile defense system THAAD land, which flies at 200 km. Another two missiles - 77N6 and 77N6-H-N1, developed CB "torch" to intercept ballistic targets, similar to that of a low intercept missile interceptors system A-135 "Cupid". They work with IDB and with separable warheads low radar visibility, which speed is 7 km / sec. Maximum missile speed - 3600 m / s. We THAAD missiles - 995 m / s.

"Prometheus" characteristics are disclosed only partly. It is known that the range ballistic missiles detection is 2000 km, the combat unit with EPR 0.1 sq.m. - 1,300 km. In this case, the maximum error in determining the end point of the trajectory, ie the crash site of a ballistic missile, less than 15 km. Detection range of aerodynamic targets - 800 km.

The essential difference between the S-500, and especially of A-135 and A-235 from American THAAD system primarily predetermined difference in speed missiles and the capacity detection and targeting. Russian system can deal with IDB, American - a ballistic missile short and medium range having a lower speed than IDB.

And, finally, the defense short-range vehicles, which is usually defined as the length of the zone of 10-20 kilometers. Then DIC provides an opportunity army sufficiently wide choice of facilities and SAM ZRPK (rocket-gun).

Effective means of combating missiles "air-ground", controlled and guided aerial bombs, anti-radar missiles and other new generation of high-precision weapons, tactical aircraft and military aircraft, cruise missiles, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles is a "Tor-M2". The complex has a high degree of automation of all processes. He not only finds and identifies the target to be destroyed, but also evaluates the traffic situation, automatically determines the most dangerous targets, produces auto tracking and records the time of entry into the zone of fire purposes. After launching missiles made their automatic guidance radio command to the target method.

Rocket complex "Tor-2M" speeds up to 800 m / s and is able to maneuver with acceleration up to 30g. Maximum speed churn purposes - 750 m / s, and the overload - 12g. Zone defeats the purpose of range - from 100 m to 15000 m, the height - from 10 m to 10,000 m.

ZRPK "Carapace-C2" began to come into force at the end of 2015. He is the fastest in the world anti-aircraft short-range zone complex. Response time - 4-6 seconds. 1.5 sec - range missile launches. The same amount is spent on the seizure of new goals.

"Carapace" is able to destroy all kinds of aircraft and cruise missiles. In the first place it was created to deal with high-precision weapons, having the flight speed of up to 1000 m / s. Targets with ESR of 0.03 sq.m. to 0.06 sq.m. affects one missile with probability 0.7. The zone of responsibility of the complex - 15 km in altitude and 20 km of distance. Gun Mount - two twin 30 mm anti-aircraft caliber machine with a rate of 5,000 rounds per minute. The ammunition included 1,400 shells and 12 missiles ready to launch.

In conclusion, it must be said about the warning system radar of a missile attack, which are an essential element of a national missile defense system. In this role are the high factory readiness "Voronezh" stations that have "range of vision" from 4500 km to 6000 km. This year with the commissioning of three stations Radio engineering troops became fully control the air space around the perimeter of the Russian borders to a depth of 6000 km. Total on duty are seven stations of various modifications - meter range, decimeter, and a high potential signal. Soon it expected commissioning station operating in the centimeter range, which possesses the highest resolution. In conjunction with the long-range detection is for the aggressor is more terrible than Goethe's "Faust."

tps://www.armyrecognition.com/june_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/russia_to_deploy_anti-ballistic_missile_system_22706171_tass.html

A national layered anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system will be deployed in Russia by 2025, Sergey Boev, chief designer of the missile attack warning system, reported. It has to include long-range exoatmospheric interceptor missile systems, air/space defense missile system and short-range endoatmospheric interceptor missile systems, online media outlet Free Press writes

Boev justified the need to develop a layered ABM system by the threat posed by land-based Euro-ABM systems being deployed in Romania and Poland. "The launchers can be covertly converted to accommodate medium-range ballistic missiles," he said. The launchers, in which the SM-3 anti-missiles are housed, are universal and can be used to launch a number of ballistic missiles prohibited by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. It is not mere chance that there have been recently debates in the United States on revising this treaty.

The first echelon has to provide long-range intercepts. It is based on implementing a project to upgrade the A-135 Amur ABM system that covers Moscow and the Central Industrial Area to the A-235 Nudol level. These works should be completed by 2020. In the meantime, two new short- and long-range interceptor missiles will be adopted.

When the A-135 was put on alert, the system had two missiles: 53T6 short-range endoatmospheric and 51T6 long-range exoatmospheric interceptor missiles. In 2006, the phasing-out of long-range missiles began. However, the name does not fully reflect the performance characteristics of the 53T6 missile. Its intercept range is 100 km and altitude is 30 km. Upon completion of the official tests, A. Basistov, general designer of the A-135 ABM system, announced that the missile had large margins for all its parameters with respect to those specified in the documents when it was certified.

The same can be said also about the modified long-range interceptor missile. In a number of reports from sources at the defense department and in the defense industry, its range should reach 1500 km, while the maximum intercept altitude - 750 km. It is capable of destroying not only ICBMs in the mid-course and terminal phases of the trajectory, but orbital spacecraft as well. The new systems can move on mobile launchers.

The middle echelon of ABM defense is provided by the S-500 SAM system. In fact, these are two systems, one for air defense and other for missile defense, each being quite autonomous. This stems from the fact that the system has two independent hardware parts, including different AESA radars, and two sets of missiles, for aerodynamic targets and for ballistic ones.

Some of the missiles used in the S-500 have been borrowed from the S-400 Triumph SAM. Three missiles are being developed specifically for the S-500. Of these, the heaviest missile has a range of 600 km. This missile is superior to the missile used in the US THAAD land-based ABM system. Two more missiles, developed at the Fakel Design Bureau to intercept ballistic targets, are close in performance to the short-range interceptor missile of the A-135 Amur ABM system.

The essential difference between the S-500 and the US THAAD system is predetermined primarily by the difference in the speeds of the interceptor missiles, as well as the capabilities of the target detection and missile guidance systems. The Russian systems are able to counter ICBMs, while the US one can engage only short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, which have a lower speed compared with ICBMs.

In conclusion, it is necessary to say about the missile attack warning system’s radars, which are the critical element of the national ABM system. This role is played by Voronezh-type high factory readiness radars having a range of 4500 km to 6000 km. This year, with the commissioning of three radars, Russia’s radar troops began to fully control the air space along the perimeter of the Russian border to a depth of 6,000 km. A total of seven radars of different versions - VHF, UHF and ‘high-potential’ radars - are currently on alert. A centimeter-band radar offering the highest resolution is expected to be commissioned soon, online media outlet Free Press recalls.