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    Future Russian Aircraft Carriers and Deck Aviation.

    GunshipDemocracy
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    Post  GunshipDemocracy Fri Nov 16, 2018 2:41 am

    LMFS wrote:
    GarryB wrote:It also has a thriving aircraft industry, so developing all sorts of aircraft designs does not hurt that much, but it also does not mean development of a VSTOL aircraft will result in small carriers and VSTOL fighters... for all we know they might want a V-44 type VSTOL transport to fly with their new super fast helos...
    I don't know, but starting a project and finishing it are two different things. Putin also instructed personally to develop NK-93 engine and here we are, with the PD-14 and thinking about the PD-35.

    with little differences though
    1) There is profound difference between Russia in 2009 and 2018

    2) Borisov has been last years "the man" in MoD to make MIC work. That's why he was promoted to dep PM for MiC.

    3) Program is officially in SAP 2018-2027 and works are actually from 2017


    Thus is very unlikely this wont work.


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    Post  LMFS Fri Nov 16, 2018 2:59 am

    GarryB wrote:Improvements in processing radar data means ground clutter can be removed from the radar screen to make spotting targets easier... in the past it was based on speed and was basically clutter rejection... anything that didn't move above a certain speed was not displayed... so cars on motorways were not shown as air targets... but also An-2s operating near stall speed and hovering or slow flying helos also did not appear on the display either.

    These days that would also remove UAVs and other things they want to see, so instead the signals are processed and unwanted data is removed, but things like hovering helos and low flying slow aircraft are also displayed...
    It was not related to targets being removed from screen due to low speed, it is related to detection problems. There are a lot of interesting issues there like using micr-doppler effects that characterize choppers etc. But in the end, apparently, such targets are still not easy and their detection range is very small, in the order or tens of km. So rather like stealth aircraft...

    Cannot comment on the veracity of these claims

    It would also effect the size of the aircraft lifts used to get aircraft on and off deck, but I think it makes more sense to have the best.
    Apparently French CDG has lifts with capacity for two planes. The ones at the Shtorm-KM would be indeed too small though.

    The new short range Morfei self defence missiles could be all over it... as well as DIRCMS for optically guided weapons... and launching an AMRAAM at it... a 10 metre high 250 metre long radar antena with millions of AESA modules at 20Kw each.... its active jamming mode would probably set a BVR missile on fire at 500km range...
    You should check your numbers for AESA numbers and power. But nevertheless this thing would be incredibly expensive, I see difficulty financing it despite its advantages. I thought of something smaller, with similar functions but obviously lesser capabilities. Similar airships exist, only until now are not used with the fleet, for some reason.

    Regarding its capability to interfere with enemy UAVs, I meant the newer designs will be each time more autonomous and need less and less commands from the fleet. I doubt you can possibly dream of disabling them at >500 km

    A corvette with an AWACS platform might even fight off an attack better than an unsupported destroyer because it eliminates the potential for surprise.... AWACS means better able to use available defences and more efficient use of systems for any platform.
    Yes very true. So even with smaller size some of the advantages would be there.

    Read that the MiG-29 were expected to play the AEW role too. Future fighters could be combined with a big central airship radar to create multiple bistatic links and seal certain approach vectors to the ships.

    Forget old designs... this new design could have all the sensors and systems internal of the frame that could be shaped as a wing for low drag high volume capacity... it could have a design that allows it to land and take off from water or snow/ice.
    The one I thought of would be rather UFO-shaped to better withstand strong winds (jet stream for instance would be an issue...)
    Logistics and servicing would be complicated for your proposal nevertheless. Quite ambitious, quite new, and therefore quite risky for military. But very interesting too.

    Would like to see that first... there were lots of claims regarding VSTOL fighters... they were going to be the only operational fighters a day after WWIII started for quite a while because all normal airfields would have been destroyed... yeah right...

    Ironically the one thing they could not do is just take off from any strip of flat land or supermarket carpark...

    The Yak-44 might have been able to use a ski jump, but without a catapult it would likely not have gotten airborne afterwards...  IMHO.
    Will try to find the source
    Tsavo Lion
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Fri Nov 16, 2018 4:56 am

    2 CVNs means 1 is effectively available 100% time.
    At least 3 CVNs r needed for 1 to be available 100% time. It's an axiom!
    Regarding legacy fighters, the MiG-21/J-7/F-16/F-2/F-15/F-18s been used & modernized since 1959/1966/1978/2000/1976/1983 & r still relevant; the same can happen with MiG-35s & Su-35s in the RF naval service. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21
    http://www.mig-21.de/english/technicaldataupgrades.htm
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu_J-7
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-2
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet
    GarryB
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    Post  GarryB Fri Nov 16, 2018 2:14 pm

    yo,yo genius: EMALS is using linear induction motor  coupled with  big flywheels called disk alternators. Where do you see plasma here?

    Sorry Mr Expert, you clearly know everything about the Russian EMALS programme... please continue your description and evaluation... you clearly know all the details...

    Japan has biggest rail network using LIM so far no EMALS. Yes Russia should invest in this tech for transportation without EMALS tho.

    So they should get the technology but not use it on carriers to improve the performance of their navy.

    Japan also has quite a sophisticated aeronautical industry but no ICBMs... go figure...


    yo yo adult, nobody in MoD  said nothing yet about funding nor requesting EMALS.  All your source is a word of a shipyard employee who wants to do PR. And you take it a real programme?

    Of course... shipyard workers have all the best information about EMAL cats and SAM systems and radar suites being developed... it is in their interests to get the word out... want a wowwy pwop widle boy?

    yo yo admiral, V-44 and helicopters to replace MiG-29ks /Su-33 ?

    MiG-29KRs and Su-33s are air defence for operating around a surface action group protecting it from enemy air power or enemy attack or both... a V-44 could carry an enormous amount of fuel and large numbers of air to air missiles and have an enormous AESA radar on its nose and shoot down large numbers of drones and missiles and aircraft attacking the ships... they could also carry anti ship and anti sub weapons an even land on the water and use dipping sonar to find subs or rescue friendlies from the water in peace time or war.

    RuN Carriers will be used mostly for dick flag waving and colonial wars.

    An American or British person might say that.

    The Russians are interested in protecting their and their allies international sea lines of trade and communication... they are not interested in expansion of occupation or colonialism like the west was and is.

    What Russians approach will choose it is another question. Mind that they need amphibious ships and large groups too. 2 CVNs means 1 is effectively available 100% time. Unless they navy budget will increase  expotentially I dont think thye build anything bigger then kuz,  more likely something WASP/De Gaulle size.

    Their priority will be to protect their surface fleet once they have one, so nothing really new in the water in terms of full sized carriers for the next 10-15 years.

    They might want Mistral replacements, but they will be based in the Pacific and Northern fleets for operations near the arctic and Kuril islands, for which a single K carrier would be enough for air support most of the time.


    B) Bigger then western? so 100+ kton?  Once big CVN gets empty you need more ships to replenish supplies. Where do you see here savings precisely?  Nothing gets shorter here unless amount supplies per person/fighter would change with displacement,  isnt it?

    Bigger than dinky UK Hermes carriers... I have repeatedly stated less than amerishit elephants.

    any facts on top of emotions?

    Of course... you believe the adverts for the VSTOL F-35... and I am being emotional.

    i wouldn't worry on your place, he was speaking in Russian.

    He is still being hopeful rather than certain.

    That's precisely what he said.  

    And in 10 years time with the upgrades available then they will be good for another 10 years... sad I have to spell this out for you...


    Neither Su-35 not MiG-35 are perspective fighters. They are final upgrade of 30+ old platforms to keep them alive. Decent now and for some time and then will start loosing ground to new western counterparts.  in 2030s process of generation change begins in the west.


    Hahaha... so in the 2030s when the west has Rafales and F-18s and F-35s in service suddenly the MiG-29KR and Su-33 wont be good enough... but a naval Su-57 is not an option, and some VSTOL 5th gen fighter they are designing will suddenly be all that they need... right.

    There are 2 differences, however, between MiG-35 and  Su-35

    1)  10  years  between Su-35 and MiG-35 deliveries.   And by 2020 almost 100 units vs 6 units contracted and 84 Su-35 delivered vs 0 MiG-35.  

    Most of the technology for the Su-35 is from the PAK FA, and was paid for already... Just the same way that the Navy took MiG-29KRs despite preferring Flankers... because production was subsidised by an Indian order, the Russian AF bought Sukhois on the back of foreign orders and its own orders for PAK FA development too.


    2) MiG-35 was never in ordered nor requested by RuAF unlike Su. And suddenly whole 6 are ordered with laud talk about bigger procurement. Never wondered why?

    The Russian military didn't order Su-25s either but tests in Afghanistan showed they were markedly superior to the fast jets they were using at the time...

    Half the time the Russian military doesn't really know what it wants... up until 2008 they just paid lip service to UAVs... now they have and use thousands.

    Pathetic serviceability record, low payload and obsolesce is not necessarily what Borisov wanted to see in 2030s

    So you think he should cancel this VSTOL project too...  Shocked

    BTW Recently Komersant (AFAIR) wrote that Borisov told off MiG for trying to sell old non innovative design concept of MiG-41 (details in MiG-41 thread).    MiG becomes known for  "innovations" after Soviet times as I can see...

    Yeah... forget something that can do the job and can be built easily and quickly and cheaply... make is stealthy and fucking expensive and shiny... don't forget shiny... and lots of cowbell.

    Except that they likely develop hypersonic countermeasures till that time. Soviets could do that in70/80s against 7kms warheads so yes it is doable.

    Blah blah blah... it wasn't that long ago it was assumed the Soviets/Russians would never be able to find a carrier group let alone attack it with a force strength able to penetrate its defences... because US carrier groups are all seeing all knowing, yet emit no signal and are super stealthy... currently they don't seem to carry anything that could reliably stop the Sizzler or the Onyx for that matter let alone the Kh-32, but in 10 years time it will be OK they will what.... go back to being invisible, or will they be armed with a force field... or perhaps a jedi knight standing on each deck batting away threats with his light sabre?

    Seriously there is no way you can see Ma=6 object flying in red plasma ball?  even if not radar optical means can see you in 100km.  What gives you a minute for maneuvering.

    Not many fighters have sensors that look directly up, and if the pilot looked up an incoming R-37 is less than half a metre across when it is heading towards you... when it is one kilometre away it would not be visible... no smoke, no rocket motor running by this stage... one second later it will have gone past your aircraft heading down... what sort of manouver could you manage in the fraction of a second when it became visible and when it was just too late?

    and how CVN would help there? Bosporus?  affraid  affraid  affraid  
    Panama it would  be declaring war to USA.

    When the Russian Navy is frigates and corvettes the USN is confident to the point of arrogance... a few cruisers and destroyers and carriers around the place and they become less so.

    They failed with MiG-29k tens of times and still has pathetic performance, so no worry. I'm gonna tell you a  secret: in 2030s tech after  50 years more advanced then in 1980s where your mind seems to be stranded (all that Harriers, MiG-29ks, Yaks) . Now even space rockets can land vertically.

    Blah blah blah, yet the MiG-29KR is their carrier aircraft and Yak-41 is junk... has gone back to vapourware... and those space rockets don't always seem to land vertically safely...

    yo you admiral and genius in 1: Russian Hermes was built for such purpose. 20-100 km range for airborne version. And tested in Syria. Damn you should work in Russian MoD, you again know better their job then themselves!

    The Hermes was designed for land based attack helicopter use... it was never intended to be used on carrier based aircraft... they will probably use it for that, but are you saying the R-77 and R-73 were intended for carrier use too?

    I've never heard that kill probability of any missile is 100%, looks like you've just invented new laws of statistics. If your reasoning is correct then why Russian need 30 Tu-22M3Ms and ??? MiG-31ks? 12 should be ok.

    Guess why it isnt

    Why not... you are suggesting that VSTOL technology will suddenly come of age and produce super fighters in 10 years time...

    Except you are spouting the same promises made all those years ago... saving money with smaller carriers... operating from any open flat piece of ground or vehicle (destroyer helipad etc)... that they will be cheaper and lighter and more capable than any other aircraft of the more conventional type...


    and that's exactly what is not happening. @GB youagreed that Russian CVN will be likely operational in 2030s . And you want to see MiG-35 based on 1976 design? 70 tradition. whoa.
    As for  Su-57k they can do if anybody form Military requests and funds what is no the case so far.

    After experience with the Kiev classes the Soviets were going with 3-4 Kuznetsov class carriers and a couple of bigger carriers with cats called the Ulyanovs... the Russian Navy is basically the same and have come to the same conclusions except they have one Kuznetsov and will likely build two slightly bigger carriers in the Ukyanovs size range... 70-80K tons... which is ideal for a Flanker sized aircraft... the Su-57 is slightly smaller than a Flanker... get the picture?

    Of course these carrier designs are old so they wont be using them... they could use the new multihull design to create a carrier with the capacity of the Ulyanovs but perhaps in the 60-70K ton weight range but with a much bigger deck able to handle a much larger air component.


    and potential rivals will be FAXX , Tempest and German/French fighters?

    You could just say FAXX... if the two Xs are G and S respectively...  Razz

    It was not related to targets being removed from screen due to low speed, it is related to detection problems.

    I am talking about look down radar where you have to remove the enormous radar return you get from the ground... otherwise you will not see any target at all no matter what speed or size they are. Doppler was used to eliminate anything not moving or moving below a certain speed... that removed the ground and things like branches blowing in the wind, and also in urban areas cars and the like. It was called clutter rejection... and was rather simple to programme... things that moved were plotted and everything else was removed... but what speed do you remove objects?  Normally 120km/h eliminated things like most cars and branches and birds etc, though you still picked up cars on a motorway...

    Modern systems can detect hovering helos by the blades and the very specific radar return pattern they generate.

    Apparently French CDG has lifts with capacity for two planes. The ones at the Shtorm-KM would be indeed too small though.

    Well the advantage of planning to use the Su-57s is that even if they don't use them anything else will fit... but of course the point is that it has to fit the biggest plane you carry so those French lifts might be able to carry two Rafales at a time but that is because they also need to lift their AWACS platform too which is a bigger aircraft... it wont be lifting two of those at a time.

    You should check your numbers for AESA numbers and power. But nevertheless this thing would be incredibly expensive, I see difficulty financing it despite its advantages. I thought of something smaller, with similar functions but obviously lesser capabilities. Similar airships exist, only until now are not used with the fleet, for some reason.

    As I said, you don't need to start with this... you could start with smaller ship based ones... the big airship could be fitted with enlarged versions of some of their big land based radars like NEBO. The capacity of an airship means you could include radar antenna within the structure and it could be of any size... the heat it generated would make the hydrogen more efficient as a lifting gas...

    Regarding its capability to interfere with enemy UAVs, I meant the newer designs will be each time more autonomous and need less and less commands from the fleet. I doubt you can possibly dream of disabling them at >500 km

    I was exaggerating, but a big powerful airship should be able to defeat any UAV well before any UAV gets anywhere near it... even if it has to call in the cavalry.

    Yes very true. So even with smaller size some of the advantages would be there.

    Read that the MiG-29 were expected to play the AEW role too. Future fighters could be combined with a big central airship radar to create multiple bistatic links and seal certain approach vectors to the ships.

    Indeed, but the key is the AWACS platform to coordinate the defence and the attack to make it a coordinated team effort instead of individual platforms with specific weapons trying to take on enemy as it detects them itself.

    The one I thought of would be rather UFO-shaped to better withstand strong winds (jet stream for instance would be an issue...)

    Actually for a hoot I was thinking of the Staypuffed Marshmallow man from the Ghostbusters movie...  Twisted Evil Twisted Evil

    Will try to find the source

    The Yak-44 was intended for operation on the Ulyanovsk which is both bigger than the Kuznetsov and also to be fitted with catapults... the catapults were specifically for the Yak as the other aircraft would not have needed them...

    At least 3 CVNs r needed for 1 to be available 100% time. It's an axiom!

    In theory yes, but in practise with three carriers you should always have two available... the three states they go through is overhaul/upgrade, training, operational.

    In an emergency the operational and training models should be available... as long as you don't put a carrier in for major overhaul and one of the other carriers has an accident... even then you will have one available.

    There are no guarantees of course... all three could have different problems at the same time.

    Regarding legacy fighters, the MiG-21/J-7/F-16/F-2/F-15/F-18s been used & modernized since 1959/1966/1978/2000/1976/1983 & r still relevant; the same can happen with MiG-35s & Su-35s in the RF naval service

    And indeed the numbers really don't tell the full story... the aircraft from 2000 in that list should be the most modern, when in actual fact it is really a Japanese F-16, which by some peoples wails and cries is obsolete too.

    The MiG-21 is limited by its nose capacity for a new radar, but an aircraft like an F-5 could be radically upgraded with a more powerful single engine, a new up to date radar, a bigger wing with rather more weapon hard points and of course all the latest weapons and it could be as good as any other modern light fighter...[/quote]


    Last edited by GarryB on Sat Nov 17, 2018 4:19 am; edited 1 time in total
    LMFS
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    Post  LMFS Sat Nov 17, 2018 2:11 am

    GarryB wrote:I am talking about look down radar where you have to remove the enormous radar return you get from the ground... otherwise you will not see any target at all no matter what speed or size they are. Doppler was used to eliminate anything not moving or moving below a certain speed... that removed the ground and things like branches blowing in the wind, and also in urban areas cars and the like. It was called clutter rejection... and was rather simple to programme... things that moved were plotted and everything else was removed... but what speed do you remove objects?  Normally 120km/h eliminated things like most cars and branches and birds etc, though you still picked up cars on a motorway...

    Modern systems can detect hovering helos by the blades and the very specific radar return pattern they generate.
    I know, and also that cars at the German Autobahns were a bit too fast for the usual speed threshold, making the pilots go crazy when looking at the radar there  Razz

    What I am talking about is apparently a current, real issue. I am not capable of explaining it better than the source, sorry.

    As I said, you don't need to start with this... you could start with smaller ship based ones... the big airship could be fitted with enlarged versions of some of their big land based radars like NEBO. The capacity of an airship means you could include radar antenna within the structure and it could be of any size... the heat it generated would make the hydrogen more efficient as a lifting gas...
    A mix of balloon and airship, cool Very Happy
    You are right that the inherent characteristics of the airship makes it ideal for some of the main things you want from a surveillance platform, namely long time on station and huge space availability for all kind of radars, including those of lower frequency which are so relevant today.

    Indeed, but the key is the AWACS platform to coordinate the defence and the attack to make it a coordinated team effort instead of individual platforms with specific weapons trying to take on enemy as it detects them itself.
    We already discussed about this. I agree, but think the AI role will change this quite a bit in the next 10-15 years. Computing power is cheap and small now, and humans more prone to missing things than computers without limited attention spans. We are soon all obsolete man, accept it  Razz

    Actually for a hoot I was thinking of the Staypuffed Marshmallow man from the Ghostbusters movie...  Twisted Evil Twisted Evil
    lol1  lol1  lol1
    A true Weapon of Mass Trolling xD

    Regarding legacy fighters, the MiG-21/J-7/F-16/F-2/F-15/F-18s been used & modernized since 1959/1966/1978/2000/1976/1983 & r still relevant; the same can happen with MiG-35s & Su-35s in the RF naval service

    And indeed the numbers really don't tell the full story... the aircraft from 2000 in that list should be the most modern, when in actual fact it is really a Japanese F-16, which by some peoples wails and cries is obsolete too.

    The MiG-21 is limited by its nose capacity for a new radar, but an aircraft like an F-5 could be radically upgraded with a more powerful single engine, a new up to date radar, a bigger wing with rather more weapon hard points and of course all the latest weapons and it could be as good as any other modern light fighter...
    Cheapest fighter is the one you already have in inventory...
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    Post  GarryB Sat Nov 17, 2018 4:33 am

    We already discussed about this. I agree, but think the AI role will change this quite a bit in the next 10-15 years. Computing power is cheap and small now, and humans more prone to missing things than computers without limited attention spans. We are soon all obsolete man, accept it

    In theory yes, but AI can actually make really stupid mistakes and you wont know until it is in use.

    I think I mentioned on this forum during the late 1990s and early 2000s I was an adult student at university and did a paper on neural networks and AI... I loved it... it was fascinating... but during my studies I learned most AIs are black boxes... you feed it data and it makes selections and decisions and you tell it when it got it right and when it got it wrong and it changes the way it makes selections and decisions and tries again... eventually it creates a set of rules that you cannot see to solve the problem... the problem is that you can never extract those rules and check them or test them.

    There was a big AI developed in the 1980s to detect a tank in an image... the idea was to put the software into a tank so that it can monitor the EO video signal from digital video and thermal images and automatically detect the presence of a tank or armoured vehicle.

    They got a whole lot of photos, both with tanks present and without them... some out in the open some partially behind things and with an without camouflage.

    Eventually they got it to the point where it was 97% successful and decided to test it in the field.

    It was awful but no one could say why.

    Eventually after a lot of further testing and reasoning it was realised that all the photos taken with tanks in them were taken on a sunny day and the photos without tanks were taken on a cloudy day, so unknown to the technicians what the programme was detecting was whether it was a sunny day or a cloudy day... for which it was brilliant.

    For detecting armoured vehicles it was not so good.

    Sure the technology has moved on, but computers only know what you tell them... they have very little capacity to error check.

    Humans on the other hand are adept at correcting things on the fly... like the repetition of words at the end of a line, the brain often ignores the extra word automatically...

    Equally when you put two round buttons side by side and a rubber band beneath it people will immediately recognise a face... a computer will see two buttons and a rubber band...

    Cheapest fighter is the one you already have in inventory...

    Leave cheap to the UCAVs... when you can only have a few of them they need to be the best you can make.

    Of course making them expensive is a skill on its own... that is what privatising the MIC does...
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Sat Nov 17, 2018 9:30 am

    In theory yes, but in practice with three carriers you should always have two available... the three states they go through is overhaul/upgrade, training, operational.
    No, 3 CVNs will give u 1 & only sometimes 2 available.
    ..the three states they go through is overhaul/upgrade, training, operational.
    Not only those: refits/yard availability for repairs r done more often between at sea periods than overhauls/upgrades which r less frequent but take longer. That's why the USN combines nuclear refueling with overhauls on its CVNs as they both take a long time.
    So, to have 1 in the NF & 1 in PacF with 3 escorts (to be modest) each ready to deploy 24/7, they'll need at least 6 CVNs & 18(!) escorts total.
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    Post  LMFS Sat Nov 17, 2018 12:39 pm

    GarryB wrote:In theory yes, but AI can actually make really stupid mistakes and you wont know until it is in use.

    I think I mentioned on this forum during the late 1990s and early 2000s I was an adult student at university and did a paper on neural networks and AI...
    No I didn't know, but you having experience in the field will make my point short: AI is non-deterministic, true, but neither are we. Either one believes there is something "supernatural" in our way of thinking or computation will catch up eventually. It has already done in many aspects ("intuition" was one of the last strongholds of supposed human superiority to fall after the Go champion was defeated by a machine) and it will simply keep improving. That it remains under "our" control is a different issue altogether but philosophy often gets set aside when military defeat looms. Just my opinion...

    Being concrete on the issue of AD, modern Russian designs are increasingly being automated, since the human element often is the weakest and the most difficult to train, manage and improve. So even in systems where humans take the final decision to engage or not, most of the work is already done by computers. And some systems do not actually need human involvement in any of the tasks.

    Leave cheap to the UCAVs... when you can only have a few of them they need to be the best you can make.

    Of course making them expensive is a skill on its own... that is what privatising the MIC does...
    Yes, and so probably some old fighter will be turned to cheap, disposable and effective UCAVs

    BTW, regarding airships, don't know if this example was discussed:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JLENS
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    Post  Gibraltar Sat Nov 17, 2018 1:44 pm

    Serioufly Russia will waste enormous amount of money in vertical take off aircraft? F-35 lesson (and looking backward Harrier) is not enough to abandon such fantasies?
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    Post  PapaDragon Sat Nov 17, 2018 2:15 pm

    Gibraltar wrote:Serioufly Russia will waste enormous amount of money in vertical take off aircraft? F-35 lesson (and looking backward Harrier) is not enough to abandon such fantasies?

    Lesson from F-35 is that when you design different variations of same aircraft they should have 80% commonality not 80% difference

    And still less money wasted than with sinking cash on supercarriers that would use standard take off approach

    This way even if they don't succeed they will still get 5gen single engine fighter jet instead of rusting hulk of unfinished supercarrier
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    Post  Gibraltar Sat Nov 17, 2018 2:53 pm

    Operativity and available payload of vtols are still very questionable argument. Yes they should still have yak-141 blueprints in some dusty archive but revive it today would be a Jurassic Park kind of experiment.

    Supercarriers can use a variety of way cheaper and capable aircrafts and they could start building them tomorrow. Vtols other time and money wasted to design and develop technology they don't have. Think these aircraft would be delivered (dreaming) in 10 years they still would'nt have a truly blue water ship to carry them over far war theatres. Or maybe you think to stuff with these crafts a conventional carrier propelled by gas turbines they actually don't know how to build, or maybe a modernized Kuznetsov? Seems a paradox but they have ready to fit modern nuclear powertrain (from Arktika icebreakers) but no reliable gas turbines even for frigate-size ship. In any case, we say supercarriers but they intend (and I agree with their concept) as heavy aircraft carrying cruisers. So a supercarrier shape ship with cruiser level defence/attack systems just under her deck sailing with a slim escort fleet.

    Vtol seems a weird idea to me, at least.
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Sat Nov 17, 2018 7:32 pm

    BTW, regarding airships, don't know if this example was discussed:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JLENS
    The tether will pose a hazard & interfere with flight ops. It better be autonomous & manned, with its own tender ship.
    .. it today would be a Jurassic Park kind of experiment.
    The final chapter on STOVL fighters is yet to be written. All other programs had Soviet/Russian counterparts; the UK, US & PRC will have them & so should Russia.
    It may be a waste of $, but not w/o saving/making $ in/on other things.
    The Falklands were won with their help & will contribe more to the UK economy:
    https://www.falklands.gov.fk/self-sufficiency/the-economy/
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/falklandislands/6708902/Falkland-Islands-oil-reserves-to-help-British-economy.html
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    Post  Gibraltar Sat Nov 17, 2018 7:45 pm

    But having vtols without a global range carrying maritime platform is nonsense. The carrier comes first. Except you are a fan of Bond-style coup-de-theatre and launch them from modified oil tankers.

    Joking less, it would be fascinating to launch vtols from modified 941's. Fantasies.
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Sat Nov 17, 2018 8:01 pm

    Their UDKs/LHDs will have global range, even before CVNs r built. They can also build big barges & use ocean tugs & icebreakers to take them anywhere in the World Ocean.
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    Post  PapaDragon Sat Nov 17, 2018 8:03 pm

    Gibraltar wrote:But having vtols without a global range carrying maritime platform is nonsense. The carrier comes first. ......

    Correct and only platform Russia can hope to build is STOVL/VTOL carrier.

    Supercarrier doesn't come first simply​ because they can neither afford or build one to say nothing of not needing one.
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    Post  Gibraltar Sat Nov 17, 2018 8:13 pm

    Tsavo Lion wrote:They can also build big barges & use ocean tugs & icebreakers to take them anywhere in the World Ocean.

    Great idea! A funny dartboard for enemy crew boring duty breaks.
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Sat Nov 17, 2018 8:26 pm

    They'll have defensive armaments too. Several such barges joined together could form a floating airbase on a par with those new Chinese airfields on the SC Sea artificial islands they recently built, big enough to handle CTOLs & Tu-95/-22M3/-142/IL-20/-38/-76s/An-124s.
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    Post  GarryB Sun Nov 18, 2018 2:53 pm

    No, 3 CVNs will give u 1 & only sometimes 2 available.

    Whether you have one, two, three, or four in service they all need overhauls and upgrades.

    When you have only one then during overhauls or upgrades or during damage repairs you will have none available in an emergency.

    With two ships you try to make sure scheduled maintainence (ie the planned stuff like repairs and upgrades) are timed so that both ships are not in dry dock at the same time. If there is damage or an accident of course then you can't help it and both might end up in dry dock together so you still have none in the case of an emergency.

    With three ships then you should be able to guarantee to always have one available for emergencies or problems, but unless you are really unlucky then you are actually more likely to have two ships available.

    On paper you can have one in dry dock getting repairs or upgrades and one in training and one in operational use... in reality it costs a lot of money to keep a carrier at sea because of all the other ships that operate with it so unless there is a problem much of the time will be spent with one ship at sea and the other at pier.

    Training is normal on both carriers not in refit... pretty much all SSBNs train during operational deployments to make sure they can do their jobs quickly and efficiently... on carriers they will be practising all sorts of things all the time too.

    The point is that if you have three carriers most of the time you will have two carriers available and sometimes even all three, and at worst you will have one carrier available, but more often than not two.

    Not only those: refits/yard availability for repairs r done more often between at sea periods than overhauls/upgrades which r less frequent but take longer. That's why the USN combines nuclear refueling with overhauls on its CVNs as they both take a long time.

    New Russian reactors will operate for 30 plus years... so refuelling wont be a big issue.

    So, to have 1 in the NF & 1 in PacF with 3 escorts (to be modest) each ready to deploy 24/7, they'll need at least 6 CVNs & 18(!) escorts total.

    Nah... the escorts can be shared between the carriers and they really don't need 24/7 on call operational status... most of their operations will be planned well in advance... and many missions could be performed with just the escorts a lot of the time with a few subs lurking around too.


    BTW, regarding airships, don't know if this example was discussed:

    Cancelled... imagine if Americas allies realised their was a cheap and simple solution to air defence that does not require expensive American made AWACS aircraft...

    Lesson from F-35 is that when you design different variations of same aircraft they should have 80% commonality not 80% difference

    Expecting to replace all of their tools with one screwdriver was their error.


    And still less money wasted than with sinking cash on supercarriers that would use standard take off approach

    1.5 trillion will buy you a lot of carriers...

    This way even if they don't succeed they will still get 5gen single engine fighter jet instead of rusting hulk of unfinished supercarrier

    It wont be single engined.

    Vtol seems a weird idea to me, at least.

    A dead end street they have already been down...

    The Falklands were won with their help & will contribe more to the UK economy:

    If the British still have the Ark Royal with Phantoms and Buccaneers I doubt Argentina would have invaded the islands in the first place.

    I rather suspect it was the untested Harriers and the fact that a woman was in charge in London that they thought it was worth a go.

    Correct and only platform Russia can hope to build is STOVL/VTOL carrier.

    Then they would be better off just not bothering... such a carrier would be expensive and a drain on the economy, and bloody useless as an effective tool... which actually makes it more expensive than something that could actually do the job even if it cost more.

    They'll have defensive armaments too. Several such barges joined together could form a floating airbase on a par with those new Chinese airfields on the SC Sea artificial islands they recently built, big enough to handle CTOLs & Tu-95/-22M3/-142/IL-20/-38/-76s/An-124s.

    Can't really see that happening any time soon... Waterworld II.
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    Post  LMFS Sun Nov 18, 2018 4:07 pm

    PapaDragon wrote:Lesson from F-35 is that when you design different variations of same aircraft they should have 80% commonality not 80% difference

    This way even if they don't succeed they will still get 5gen single engine fighter jet instead of rusting hulk of unfinished supercarrier
    The initial idea with F-35 was even higher commonality. Then reality knocked on the door and to minimally keep performance (even with reduced specs) they needed to fine tune the versions further and further until the commonality was gone. So the lesson could be actually that commonality is damn difficult to reach and it increases at expenses of performance, so you better be careful with CTOL and STOVL versions of the same plane.

    This goes to you second point: it would be great if you point out what propulsion configuration would make this common CTOL /STOVL airframe compatible without significant drawbacks, existing examples show that position of main engine, fuel capacity, aero profile and weapon bays are heavily affected by STOVL requirements and severely impair the performance of the CTOL version.
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Sun Nov 18, 2018 7:57 pm

    If the British still have the Ark Royal with Phantoms and Buccaneers I doubt Argentina would have invaded the islands in the first place.
    I rather suspect it was the untested Harriers and the fact that a woman was in charge in London that they thought it was worth a go.
    They knew that the RN had SSNs, strategic bombers & tankers but still invaded. M. Thatcher was known as the "Iron Lady" since 1975, so her gender had nothing to do with their decision to invade: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher#Leader_of_the_Opposition:_1975%E2%80%931979

    They just mistakenly figured that the Brits wouldn't consider it worth the trouble to retake them.
    Nah... the escorts can be shared between the carriers and they really don't need 24/7 on call operational status...
    Maybe so, but they'll be needed for UDK/LHDs too.
    Can't really see that happening any time soon... Waterworld II.
    They already have a floating NPP & may need such bases in the absence of CVNs, esp. in remote seas.
    They would outperform CBGs & could have big AD/EW airships u like so much.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_floating_nuclear_power_station


    Last edited by Tsavo Lion on Mon Nov 19, 2018 7:26 am; edited 4 times in total (Reason for editing : add link)
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    Post  Tsavo Lion Mon Nov 19, 2018 7:22 am

    BTW, the X-32 had a single engine & similar performance with F-35A/B:
    A modified version of the -614C engine, known as the F119-PW-614S powered the STOVL aircraft. In normal flight, the -614S was configured as a conventional afterburning turbofan. However, in the STOVL mode a butterfly valve diverted the core stream exhaust gases to a pair of thrust vectoring nozzles located close to the aircraft's centre-of-gravity. Forward of these nozzles, a jet screen nozzle provided a sheet of cool bypass air to minimise hot gas recirculation. There was also a pair of ducts leading to roll nozzles near the wing tips. Two pairs of ducts fed the Aft-pitch yaw nozzles and the Forward pitch nozzles. The afterburner was unlit, with no gas flow during Lift. The X-32B achieved STOVL flight in much the same way as the AV-8B Harrier II with thrust vectoring of the jet exhaust. A smooth Transition (between STOVL and Normal modes) was obtained by maintaining a constant engine match, facilitated by the control system algorithm maintaining a fixed total nozzle effective area. Thus the engine was unaware of various nozzles being opened up and closed off to complete the Transition.
    Basically the F119-PW-614S was a Direct Lift engine, whereas the Lockheed Martin STOVL team used a more complex and riskier alternative, known as the F119-PW-611, which comprised a remote shaft-driven lift fan powered by the main engine. However, this generated more lift thrust than possible with only direct exhaust gases. A successful design would have greater payload, and thus longer range than a simple thrust vectored turbofan.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-32#Flight_testing
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-32#Specifications
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II#Specifications_(F-35A)

    The F-35B can fly at a maximum speed of 1,960km/h. The combat radius and maximum range of the aircraft are 833km and 1,667km respectively.
    https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/f-35b-lightning-ii-joint-strike-fighter-stovl-variant/
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    Post  LMFS Mon Nov 19, 2018 1:51 pm

    Tsavo Lion wrote:BTW, the X-32 had a single engine & similar performance with F-35A/B:
    We see two approaches to STOVL in modern fighters:

    1. Main engine placed at the end of the fuselage for horizontal flight + additional HW (engines or lifting fan) in front of CG for STOVL. This is the layout of F-35B and Yak-41 for instance
    2. Main engine placed at the CG, with TVC and other provisions for horizontal and vertical flight (Harrier, X-32B)

    Issues:

    1st option: extra weight / cost / complexity from the forward engines or fans for vertical lift. Then, a significant reduction of space for fuel and interference with the best place for placing weapon bays (close to CG at the middle of the plane). Also, main engine is not placed as back as optimal for internal space and aerodynamics but some meters forward, closer to CG, in order to contribute as much as possible to vertical thrust.

    2nd option: complicated layout of the plane. Engine starts too close to the nose, complicating intake, cockpit and front landing gear. Aero suffers as the cross section is very big at the front of the plane. Hot gases have the risk of being recirculated through the air intake during STOVL. A big space (from CG to the tail of the plane) is lost since the space needs to be empty for bringing the jet plume backwards (X-32B, whose engine took almost all the length of the plane from the nose to the tail) or additional side nozzles are needed, that prevent the plane from having A/B (Harrier). Weapon bays need to be placed at the sides of the main engine instead of being in front or after it, notably increasing cross sectional area.

    So yes it can be done with one engine, but with substantial additional provisions (add pitch and roll posts to the above) and always with relevant influences on other aspects of the plane. Don't know what is the best option, some designers go one way while others pick the other one...
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    Post  GunshipDemocracy Tue Nov 20, 2018 5:08 am

    GarryB wrote:
    yo yo admiral Russian Hermes was built for such purpose. 20-100 km range for airborne version. And tested in Syria. !
    The Hermes was designed for land based attack helicopter use... it was never intended to be used on carrier based aircraft... ?

    no, please focus when reading. I was saying that was  built to have longer reach then any of AGTMs. BTW Hermes  to be used by any platform (land, airborne and shipborne) and significantly better destruction power. than any AGTM.   Yet to be relatively cheap comparing to missiles like Kalibr or Iskander.  Remember this thread about small ballistic missile for Russian army? Check Hermes.

    Airborne is Hermes-A

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    GB wrote:
    ME wrote:What Russians approach will choose it is another question. Mind that they need amphibious ships and large groups too. 2 CVNs means 1 is effectively available 100% time. Unless they navy budget will increase  expotentially I dont think thye build anything bigger then kuz,  more likely something WASP/De Gaulle size.
    Their priority will be to protect their surface fleet once they have one, so nothing really new in the water in terms of full sized carriers for the next 10-15 years.
    They might want Mistral replacements, but they will be based in the Pacific and Northern fleets for operations near the arctic and Kuril islands, for which a single K carrier would be enough for air support most of the time.

    So far priority always has been to protect areas where there SSBNs loiter.  That's why TAKRs concept was born. What Manturov (Min Indostry) has recently said was MoD doesnt want any "clean" helicopter carriers.   AFAIK =  LHDs instead.

    The rest its gonna be depending on budget and philosophy. If airwing i going to be main striking force then AAD will be really modest (vide western CVNs)  altenratively if  missiles are going to be striking force then we return  to TAKR concept. BTW you mentioned couple of times vision where Russian CVN carry  UKSKs. Then they wont be CVNs anymore but TAKRs.  thumbsup  thumbsup  thumbsup




    {I've decided to remove off-topic non VSTOL  stuff here, if you are interested emals/ships discussion perhaps a new thread ? }






    GB wrote:
    ME wrote:BTW Recently Komersant (AFAIR) wrote that Borisov told off MiG for trying to sell old non innovative design concept of MiG-41 (details in MiG-41 thread).    MiG becomes known for  "innovations" after Soviet times as I can see...

    Yeah... forget something that can do the job and can be built easily and quickly and cheaply... make is stealthy and fucking expensive and shiny... don't forget shiny... and lots of cowbell.
    Borisov is the 3rd man in chain of command in Russia, retired general. He is "the magic hand" behind SAP being delivered. He was also the man behind GLONASS. Perhaps also Avangard or Burevensntik  ("nonpublic " Hero Of Russia tittle in 2018).  He graduated math and control engineering and holds PhD.

    And you know better Russian reality and needs then him? yo yo bro facts over emotions






    GB wrote:
    yo yo admiral, V-44 and helicopters to replace MiG-29ks /Su-33 ?
    MiG-29KRs and Su-33s are air defence for operating around a surface action group protecting it from enemy air power or enemy attack or both... a V-44 could carry an enormous amount of fuel and large numbers of air to air missiles and have an enormous AESA radar on its nose and shoot down large numbers of drones and missiles and aircraft attacking the ships... they could also carry anti ship and anti sub weapons an even land on the water and use dipping sonar to find subs or rescue friendlies from the water in peace time or war.

    Well, you dont have to believe in Energy–maneuverability theory, but real world facts prove that all Russian fighter platforms are all highly maneuverable.  V-44 would not fit to the picture.  Especially that RuN wants to have platforms that replace MiG/Su as deck aviation




    GB wrote:
    That's precisely what he said.  
    And in 10 years time with the upgrades available then they will be good for another 10 years... sad I have to spell this out for you...

    Facts: below 40% serviceability of MiG-29k in  India and  already extended Su-33 service life by 10y till 2025,  thus not likely.  
    Instead RuN (and more importantly MoD) gives green light for new platform.






    GB wrote:
    Neither Su-35 not MiG-35 are perspective fighters. They are final upgrade of 30+ old platforms to keep them alive. Decent now and for some time and then will start loosing ground to new western counterparts.  in 2030s process of generation change begins in the west.

    Hahaha... so in the 2030s when the west has Rafales and F-18s and F-35s in service suddenly the MiG-29KR and Su-33 wont be good enough... but a naval Su-57 is not an option, and some VSTOL 5th gen fighter they are designing will suddenly be all that they need... right.

    Facts say:  In 30's West wants to start operating  FAXX and Tempest. Latest in 40' new Ger/FR fighter comes.  As for  Russia: why it would be Vgen and not VI gen? program started almost 20 years after PAK-FA's one. Ru MoD so far has been investing in longer term future then next 5-10years. that's why all that upgrades of old tech instead not to overspend on legacy designs but develop new ones.

    BTW Recently Chief OAK Designer Sukhoi R&D was  talking about MoD requirements wrt Su-57. It must be new for next 30-50 years. It was to be designed form scratch, nothing based on legacy platforms. ( voenneya priomka part 1 on Su-57 thread .Auto translator should work too)

    MiG-35 is based on already 50 years old design...

    As for Su-57k the only poof I've found so far is LMFS and your posts. But i'd prefer to see this in any MoD officials first before anybody can consider it credible. Naval Su-57 is an option only after program is officially announced.  

    MoD is making here requirements, decisions and financing  alike.







    GB wrote:
    Seriously there is no way you can see Ma=6 object flying in red plasma ball?  even if not radar optical means can see you in 100km.  What gives you a minute for maneuvering.
    Not many fighters have sensors that look directly up, and if the pilot looked up an incoming R-37 is less than half a metre across when it is heading towards you... when it is one kilometre away it would not be visible... no smoke, no rocket motor running by this stage... one second later it will have gone past your aircraft heading down... what sort of manouver could you manage in the fraction of a second when it became visible and when it was just too late?

    What do you mean directly up?! R-37 is flying with hypersonic speed, and regardless if its dimensions has big big IR signature. Temp is from adiabatic air compression not engine. It is like you are tracking with IR senors exhaust from jet engine.  








    GB wrote: ...you are suggesting that VSTOL technology will suddenly come of age and produce super fighters in 10 years time...
    +++
    Except you are spouting the same promises made all those years ago... saving money with smaller carriers... operating from any open flat piece of ground or vehicle (destroyer helipad etc)... that they will be cheaper and lighter and more capable than any other aircraft of the more conventional type...

    Since you and Russian MoD disagree on this topic only one party can be right here.  You are alone (+ LMFS here as anti-VSTOL ronins  lol!  lol!  lol! ) and Russia side has support from MoD, RuN + OAK + all tech institutes and universities.


    First of all Russian MoD has been  requiring from Su-57 on as short takeoff / landing strips as possible (check Su-57 thread. Russian FPI for MoD is testing VSTOL/ xSTOL technologies for transport.  Russian MoD opened programme for VSTOL platform to replace legacy fighters.

    AFAIR same as Russian MoD requires agility from all platforms (again Sukhoi R&D chief designer in Su-57 thread) as in Russian MoD approach "close fight" is alive and kicking.

    This can only lead to conclusion:

    a)  yes  VSTOL brings value to the table
    b)  according to MoD requirements every fighter should be a maneuverable platform
    c) will it be VSTOL? or xSTOL  well we are yet to see outcome






    GB wrote:After experience with the Kiev classes the Soviets were going with 3-4 Kuznetsov class carriers and a couple of bigger carriers with cats called the Ulyanovs... the Russian Navy is basically the same and have come to the same conclusions except they have one Kuznetsov and will likely build two slightly bigger carriers in the Ukyanovs size range... 70-80K tons... which is ideal for a Flanker sized aircraft... the Su-57 is slightly smaller than a Flanker... get the picture?
    First RuN is not soviet Navy. Soviet GDP was ~ 3x Russian one depending on estimates. USA war against Russia is mainly in economic plane. The military one has much less weight as long as strategic parity is balanced.

    Thus RuN is very prudent with spending. Thye even gone even for refurbishing old 1155 ASW frigates and suddenly building 2 big carriers + 3-4 LHDs seems + all CSG groups? on top of other shipbuilding programmes? to be either very, very far future or   never comes. IMHO more likely never comes.  You keep ignoring financial realities, it is very if not the most important part of any military programme.


    As for deck fighters Su-57k makes little sense since they started  VSTOL program, unless there will be large commonality between Su-57 and VSTOL one...







    GB wrote:
    The one I thought of would be rather UFO-shaped to better withstand strong winds (jet stream for instance would be an issue...)

    Actually for a hoot I was thinking of the Staypuffed Marshmallow man from the Ghostbusters movie...  Twisted Evil Twisted Evil

    flying sources so far didnt work but  Coanda effect is actively used now By FPI and NASA alike to create... "very short" STOL, with distributed propulsion.
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    Post  GunshipDemocracy Tue Nov 20, 2018 5:32 am

    PapaDragon wrote:
    Gibraltar wrote:Serioufly Russia will waste enormous amount of money in vertical take off aircraft? F-35 lesson (and looking backward Harrier) is not enough to abandon such fantasies?

    Lesson from F-35 is that when you design different variations of same aircraft they should have 80% commonality not 80% difference

    And still less money wasted than with sinking cash on supercarriers that would use standard take off approach

    This way even if they don't succeed they will still get 5gen single engine fighter jet instead of rusting hulk of unfinished supercarrier

    Some people never learn, no worries. And I was not  talking about Russian MoD lol1


    As for VSTOL - Sukhoi chief designer for PAK-FA said that Russian MoD unlike USone  is requiring maneuverability,. That' why Su-57 is maneuverable but not perfectly stealth.
    Russian MoD is also required STOL capbility for PAK-FA.  Same with engines were to have T/W > 1 for MTOW.


    Me thinks about 3 points here

    1) Will VSTOL be using "80%" commonality with Su-57? keeping its manuverbility.

    2) Will it be not V but extreme STOL? say like 30-50 meters takeoff strip?  They can achieve it by Coanda Effect and extra engines "cheating " wings to increase lift force?


    3) Or perhaps they use electrical engines to power front "ventilators" instead of shaft one like F-35 . This can give flexibility where to place them...
    electrical motor can have up 12kw/kg (using high temp superconductors) with 500kG engine mass( 2x250) you can have 6000kW power to front ventilators. Power  then shuld be generated by main engines.


    Russians are actually working on such motors. NOt for VSTOL tho ;-)



    Aircraft engines with a superconducting effect are investigated at TsAGI

    http://www.tsagi.ru/pressroom/news/3967/

    Specialists of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Professor N.Ye. Zhukovsky is exploring the possibility of applying technologies based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) in electrical and hybrid power plants for advanced aviation technology.

    We are talking about new concepts of short take-off and landing aircraft developed at the institute, as well as convertible aircraft (taking off and landing on the helicopter principle, and flying in cruise mode is similar to an airplane).

    The main advantage of superconducting electric motors and generators is the possibility of increasing the power density from the current 5 to 8–12 kW / kg. This effect is achieved through the use of modern HTS tapes in the rotor and stator windings. In this case, the greater the engine power, the more tangible gain is provided by HTSC technology.

    Scientists compared several schemes of power plants with similar engines and chose the most effective ones. The Moscow Aviation Institute became the partner of TsAGI for the project.

    Within the framework of the same project, TsAGI and MAI specialists reviewed the concept of a low-speed superconducting electric motor for a gearless drive of a helicopter rotor or a converted aircraft, and developed the look of such a device with a hybrid power plant and superconducting electric motors.
    Future Russian Aircraft Carriers and Deck Aviation. - Page 16 31f922b44c0cee394b116be5805de709
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    Future Russian Aircraft Carriers and Deck Aviation. - Page 16 Empty Re: Future Russian Aircraft Carriers and Deck Aviation.

    Post  GunshipDemocracy Tue Nov 20, 2018 5:39 am

    Tsavo Lion wrote:
    ..the three states they go through is overhaul/upgrade, training, operational.
    Not only those: refits/yard availability for repairs r done more often between at sea periods than overhauls/upgrades which r less frequent but take longer. That's why the USN combines nuclear refueling with overhauls on its CVNs as they both take a long time.
    So, to have 1 in the NF & 1 in PacF with 3 escorts (to be modest) each ready to deploy 24/7, they'll need at least 6 CVNs & 18(!) escorts total.

    You seem to be one of very few thinking with budget restriction categories here... I'm glad to see it thumbsup thumbsup thumbsup




    LMFS wrote:This goes to you second point: it would be great if you point out what propulsion configuration would make this common CTOL /STOVL airframe compatible without significant drawbacks, existing examples show that position of main engine, fuel capacity, aero profile and weapon bays are heavily affected by STOVL requirements and severely impair the performance of the CTOL version.

    There are no existing examples. There is one existing example namely F-35. So no, this is not good question until there  is another example.

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