Russian Radar systems

HM1199 wrote:can someone tell me , at what range a NEBO M complex can detect an f22 or an f35? or at least if it can detect it from a reasonable distance?
also , can someone explain how does that ''multispectral queing" thing works ?
thank you

You want real answer? We dont know.

Also depends what you call "reasonable distance".

Here you have decent article on radars in general, both "meter" and "decimeter" wavelenght ones: http://www.radioamatore.info/attachments/article/1773/NNIIRT-55Zh6M-Nebo-M-VHF-Radar-1S.pdf

F-22 and F-35 are optimised to evade the signals from X band radars because that was the most common tracking radar frequency and still is.

the problem for the stealth aircraft of today and near future is that NEBO uses three different frequency ranges that are each rather different.

NEBO is very big and rather powerful compared with the seeker in a missiles nose or an aircraft nose so even the X band component of the system will offer better detection performance against stealth aircraft.

Most small RCS items and even large RCS items can be stealthy if mistaken for clutter... an An-2 flying at low level at near its stall speed of 75km/h was feared to be the first effective stealth aircraft in that look down radars that could detect it could also detect cars on a motorway doing 100km/h so to remove the cars and other ground based fast moving objects the An-2s flying in that airspace would also be removed from the display as noise.

For the same reason a low flying F-35 might be removed to prevent golf balls and birds appearing on the radar screen except the flight speed of the F-35 (at more than 150km/h) would mean it would clearly not be a golf ball or bird so even look down radars would display it if enough of a return signal could be detected.

Long wave radar signals are not effected by the shaping of the aircraft so stealth shapes wont effect the detection range of metric wave radar and coatings are not thick enough to have much effect either.

You need a much bigger aircraft (closer in size to the radar wave length) to effect longer wave radar signals... like the B-2.

Newer radar technology including Photonic radar may change things dramatically though.

Militarov wrote:

From million miles. It actually can detect aircraft flying in Mars orbit.

The Russian radars are not capable to do that, but of course the US military doesn't know the meaning of impossible : )

https://warisboring.com/the-u-s-navys-next-hawkeye-plane-can-detect-stealth-fighters-51023944fcbe

they write about the capability of Hawakeye :
“It is the physics of longer wavelength and resonance that enables VHF and UHF radar to detect stealth aircraft,” Westra wrote in his article, titled “Radar vs. Stealth.”

UHF-band radars operate at frequencies between 300 MHz and one GHz, which results in wavelengths that are between 10 centimeters and one meter long. Typically, due to the physical characteristics of fighter-sized stealth aircraft, they must be optimized to defeat higher frequencies in the Ka, Ku, X, C and parts of the S-bands.

So, just to compare: the hawkeye has a 7.3*0.7 meter big radar, the NEBO-M 60*6 meter big.

The Nebo 70 times bigger than the hawkeye radar.



Feel the difference?


so either the US military lie , or the NEBO-M can detect the f-22/35 from extreme distances : )
Pick your choice.

You can trash now the US military, and bragging about the incapability of them : ) and how rubbish the US navy and the hawkeye.


But the principle of operation to detect stealth is simple, and using the same principle like this antenna:

thanks for the replies guys , so from all that we can deduce the s400 using nebo m or gamma DE can actually be a potent stealth hunter ?

Not just stealth aircraft...

Incoming ballistic missile warheads have a small RCS too and need to be tracked and engaged...

Nebo-M AESA complex consist from 3 radars, 1 VHF working in metric diapazone, 1 working in dm diapazone and 1 working in cm diapazone. Max range is 600 km. VHF radar see stealth planes without problem and having more Nebo-M complexes in different locations mean, that they could triangulate stealth planes very precisely for the use of air defense and fighter jets.

Older Nebo-SVU VHF radar, which was the first AESA VHF radar, have enough small cell for target location, that S-300 complex could launch missile on it without using of tracing radar. It was used only to guide missile to the cell of Nebo-SVU radar and there missile itself will find and attack the target. No need for tracking radar to actually see the target.

Modwern AESA VHF radars are precise enough for air defense use, specially when there is more of them in different locations and they triangulate targets. In that case stealth doesn't mean any advantage. SHORADs and medium range SAMs will use optical channels against stealth planes, so for them VHF radar is enough. Don't forget that Russian IADS also have a lot of different passive ELINT complexes, which could detect any emmiting from planes and stealth F-22 and F-35 also use radars, data links, TACAN, communications, IFF, etc, so they will be precisely tracked from long distances for the use of air defense.

HM1199 wrote:can someone tell me , at what range a NEBO M complex can detect an f22 or an f35? or at least if it can detect it from a reasonable distance?

this actually difficult to said.

However the VHF band will roughly give 7 times the detection range of X-band assuming same power and antenna gain. Thus low 0.0001 sqm target that detectable in X-band will roughly be detected in 210 Km by VHF band.

So basically yeah..it should be detected at reasonable distance. The only limit would be Horizon.

hmm i see thanks for the information guys , yes so if the radar detects the airdraft (RCS 0.1 m2) from 240 km in the decimeter band then in the xband range will be higher .
However about the Nebo M , i hear all around that the "range is 600 km " , but against what ? and in which band ? because its multispectral so i dont know . Does someone know anything about that?

HM1199 wrote:hmm i see thanks for the information guys , yes so if the radar detects the airdraft (RCS 0.1 m2) from 240 km in the decimeter band then in the xband range will be higher .
However about the Nebo M , i hear all around that the "range is 600 km " , but against what ? and in which band ? because its multispectral so i dont know . Does someone know anything about that?

everyone who don't know can tell it to you, and everyone who know risk prison if tell it to you : )

hmm i see thanks for the information guys , yes so if the radar detects the airdraft (RCS 0.1 m2) from 240 km in the decimeter band then in the xband range will be higher .

The range a radar detects a target is determined by several factors... the size of the antenna gives accuracy, the power of the signal allows range... the shape of the target can reduce the amount of radar signal that returns to the radar but is not a factor in longer wave radars as the shape of the aircraft is rather less important.

A decimetre radar is less effected by target shape so can detect a shaped stealthy aircraft at longer ranges. It does not give as accurate a position of the target however as it is less precise. The breakthrough with the longer wave NEBO radars is that their modern digital design and AESA antenna arrangement improves performance to the point where they are accurate enough when used with other sensor and radars to track stealth objects.

Another 11 Nebo-UM radar stations ordered for delivery through the end of 2019.

http://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12123523@egNews

Any idea in which band Low-alt radar 48Ya6-K1 Podlet-K1 and Kasta 2-2 radar operates

Almaz webiste for Kasata 2-2 says UHF Band

http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1219/1241/1335

what does UHF band covers L band or S band or something else for Russian Band Specification ?

Also what band Podlet-K1 operates I see many antenna for Podlet-K1 any specification for it ?

S-Band radar for 48YUa6-K1

They are predominantly for anti-artillery if I am correct. They are low altitude radars.

miketheterrible wrote:S-Band radar for 48YUa6-K1

They are predominantly for anti-artillery if I am correct.  They are low altitude radars.

Source ? and any more details ?

What about Kasata ?

Austin wrote:

miketheterrible wrote:S-Band radar for 48YUa6-K1

They are predominantly for anti-artillery if I am correct.  They are low altitude radars.

Source ? and any more details ?

What about Kasata ?

http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/02.surv/karte040.en.html

http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/02.surv/karte028.en.html

http://foto-i-mir.ru/podlet-armiy-2015/

OEM Specs and more pictures there , You are right its S band also described as Centimeter Band

Specs on Podlet-K1

So the Kasata-2E2 is a Decimeter band radar which in Russian Lingo would mean L band and Podlet-K1 is centimeter band which the specs I found is S Band.

Kasata specis here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasta_2E

its gamma-de on steroids. probably 2 faced radar too. back seems to be simmilar to protivnik albeit smaller. its serious stuff 3 trucks serving that thing, 1 for transport 1 for power supply and 3rd for command staff.
probably comparing performance of kasta radar and this new thing.
http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1219/1241/1341

Just one question , Are L band and S band good for low level air traffic detection and for finding LO targets

Check out this radar. Contrary to the article it was not developed for the North but as a stationary Airport based radar. It will be installed also on the new Arctic airfields being created or upgraded. The radar is being installed both at military and civilian airports (data linked to military air defense). Started service in 2014 with around 50 ordered (~60% military), believe ~200 planned with about half at military airfields. Utilizes 3 different systems on one platform.

http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/03.atc/karte039.en.html

Just one question , Are L band and S band good for low level air traffic detection and for finding LO targets

The vast majority of terminal guidance and terminal homing systems use X band and Ku Band radar frequencies... the high frequncies means the antenna of the system can be rather small but still able to accurately track the target.

Most aircraft stealth is optimised against these frequencies.

Thanks Garry , I was more looking at advantage of L and S band for a Low Altitude radar , Fact that they have two different types of Low Altitude Radar with two different band lets me believe there are advantages and disadvantage of operating in L and S band say compared to X or J band ?

So I am looking at adv and disadv of L and S band Radar in context of Low Altitude Radar

X band radar gives better clarity and can operate with smaller and lighter antenna with reduced performance.

L band clearly for LO targets. In a lot of cases, US relied on operating in Low Altitude to bypass radars in their previous invasions - Iraq as example. A lot of helicopters were used in initial invasion to be able to fly in and bypass a lot of radar as most are higher altitude.

This is what I got on quote for S band use:

The designator S-Band (contrary to L-Band) is good as mnemonic rhyme as smaller antenna or shorter range.