Russian Space Control System (SKKP)

Very interesting...

The MOD will in 2013 carry out trials of the upgraded "Krona" Space surveillance system. In short,

- upgrades on the Krona have been carried out since 2010
- a high precision 'N' radar channel has been added

and most intersting...

- MiG-31 interceptors will be used in the trials in conjunction with the Krona system (ASAT role?)
- The 'Fakel' bureau is working on a successor to the Soviet era 79M6 "contact" ASAT tested on the MiG-31D

http://lenta.ru/news/2013/01/24/krona/

News taken from here:

http://izvestia.ru/news/543550

comming online at full power

Russia preparing to launch Okno space surveillance system at full capacity

Viktor wrote:comming online at full power

Russia preparing to launch Okno space surveillance system at full capacity

hmm. BTW you think Russia will built similar facility in their own territory ?

There's supposed to be a second site in the Far East somewhere around Vladivostok.

Russia Plans to Boost Space Monitoring Capability by 2018

MOSCOW, September 19 (RIA Novosti) - Russia will build a network of advanced laser-optical and radar stations in the next four years to boost its space object recognition capability, the Defense Ministry said Friday.

"The new network will largely improve space monitoring by Aerospace Defense Forces, expand the range of controlled orbits and decrease the size of detected objects by 2-3 times," the ministry's spokesman, Col. Alexei Zolotukhin said in a statement.

According to Zolotukhin, the first new stations will be built in the Altai and the Primorye Territories. The network will comprise over 10 advanced space monitoring stations by 2018.

Aerospace Defense Forces is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, responsible for providing the country’s military and political leadership with timely and accurate information on possible missile attacks and monitoring the situation in space.

Last year, following an explosion of a meteorite over Russia’s Urals region, Aerospace Defense Forces announced its plans to develop a series of measures aimed at protecting Russia from meteorites and other space objects. The meteorite, which exploded above the Ural Mountains city of Chelyabinsk, is estimated to have weighed about 10,000 metric tons and measured about 17 meters (around 56 feet) in diameter. The blast left about 1,500 people injured, mostly by glass shattered by the shockwave.

In September 2013, the US department for Civil Defense and Emergencies and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) signed an agreement on joint efforts aimed at combating asteroid threats the Earth might face in future.

However, in July this year, the deal was abolished over the situation in Ukraine.

Russia Completes Tests of New Space Monitoring System

Okno is expanding severely

Until 2018 in Russia deployed ten monitoring stations for space

Tests of 'Okno' complex completed

http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/760120

There's a bit more info on the upgrade in the Russian language reports

"As part of the program of development of opto-electronic complex"Okno" commissioned four new optoelectronic stations of detection and collection of information on space objects. The complex is equipped with modern TV equipment for detection and computational tools of the new generation, created on the basis of domestic element base ", - said A.Zolotuhin.

Подробнее: http://vpk-news.ru/news/22717

probably tested new advanced equipment for new bases.
oko (eye) is very powerfull tracking optical complex.

so 2 new complexes are to be built - in altai thats south-central siberia ,few thousand kilometers west of vostochny launch pad. and primorye thats east of vostochny.
where will other 8 go?
interestin opposite side of the earth of vostochny is sea between argentina and folklands. will there be oko tracking observatories in argentina ,even venezuela?
we know russia can build big ships and track communicate with satelites from ocean.

Russia Tests First Military Space Surveillance Complex: Defense Official

Russia's new cutting-edge surveillance station has successfully undergone state tests. This system will join the Russian Aerospace shield capable of identifying and tracing down even small objects in space.

Russia’s Aerospace Defense Forces are responsible for air and missile defense, as well as for launches and the control of satellites.

MOSCOW, December 1 (Sputnik) – The first surface complex of Russia's military space surveillance system has undergone state tests, Commander of Russian Aerospace Defense Forces Lt. Gen. Alexander Golovko told reporters Monday.

"The first new generation complex, created on the territory of Altai region, successfully underwent state tests," Golovko told journalists on Aerospace Defense Forces Day.

The commander explained that in 2014, Aerospace Defense Forces began operation of a series of specialized surface laser-optical and radio engineering complexes for identifying objects beyond the earth's atmosphere. These complexes provide an expansion of Russian space surveillance informational gathering capability, including a greatly increased observational range for significantly smaller objects.

Golovko also noted that tests of the Okno-M, a modernized optoelectronic space surveillance station, were completed this year. The station, located in Tajikistan, is an element of the Russian military space control system.

The Aerospace Defense Forces were formed December 1, 2011, to monitor Russian air and space borders. The military group commands a united outer space global monitoring system, focusing on Earth satellites and surveillance of all other space objects. It is expected that in excess of ten specialized space control complexes will be deployed by 2018 in the Russian south Siberia and far-east regions.

The latest set of space monitoring is created in the Altai

Within the space monitoring system (SKKP) in 2018 will be rolled out a network of more than a dozen specialized complexes, first appear in the Altai (South of Central Siberia), and in Primorye.

Krasnogorsk (Moscow Region), June 29 - RIA Novosti. The newest complex control of outer space has been created in the Altai and passed state tests, he told reporters on Monday, the commander of the Space Forces Command Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation, Major-General Oleg Maidanovich.

Earlier it was reported that as part of the Space Monitoring System (SKKP) in 2018 will be rolled out a network of more than a dozen specialized complexes, first appear in the Altai (South of Central Siberia), and in Primorye. It was also noted that the construction work on the development of new radio systems SKKP in Moscow, Kaliningrad region, the Altai and Primorsky Krai is already underway.

"To date, a complex built and implemented the state tests of the complex, and today in the area of ​​Baikonur complex we have this, which is already yielding measurements and allows us to make changes to the shared directory space control system", - said Maidanovich.

He explained that it is a complex in the Altai Territory. The rest of the complex electronic and optoelectronic reconnaissance today are getting ready to supply them equipment for subsequent intercession on experimental combat duty.

Russian SKKP intended to inform the decision of problems to address threats from space and in space, the smooth deployment and operation of domestic spacecraft, as well as assess other risks due to man-made space debris.

The troops Aerospace Defense effective from 1 December 2011 and guarded frontiers of Russia from the air and in space. They have a single system of global monitoring of environment in outer space, the main element of which - space monitoring system (to monitor the satellites and other space objects).

Cutting-Edge Russian Space Surveillance System now Four Times More Capable

A Russian-operated space surveillance system located in Tajikistan, Okno-M, has reached its full capacity, making it four times more powerful, the Russian Ministry of Defense reports.
Surveillance Satellite

Upgrades to Okno-M, an optoelectronic system for detecting space objects, have been completed and the system is operating at full capacity, a fresh announcement on the Russian Ministry of Defense site reveals. The Okno-M station, based in Tajikistan in Central Asia, is an integral part of the space surveillance network of the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces’ Space Command. The surveillance station successfully underwent state tests late in 2014.

The task of the upgraded system is to automatically gather information on space objects and monitor objects in space, including those in geostationary orbit, at a distance of 120 to 40,000 km. The newly-developed system, which was designed completely in Russia, possesses increased detection capabilities, better channel capacity and a wider range of characteristics for processing data on space objects, an announcement on the MoD website reads. The capabilities of the modernized complex are four times greater than those of its predecessor.

The optoelectronic station traces space objects solely at night. Sunlight is reflected from the objects, which provides the system with the necessary information. Okno-M is fully automated and has the ability to operate without human intervention, keeping track of both previously recorded and newly detected objects. When the system is in passive mode, its power consumption is fairly low: reportedly, it requires as much electricity as a 150-unit apartment block.

Construction of the previous Okno (meaning 'window' in Russian) station, one of the key elements of Russian space intelligence, commenced in 1980 in the clear sky zone in the Pamir Mountains near the Afghan border at a height of 2,200 meters above sea level.

During the final years of the Cold War era, the complex was believed to be a secret Soviet anti-satellite laser weapon rather than the optical tracking station it actually was.

As a consequence of the civil war in Tajikistan, the construction of the site was halted from 1992, and the station became operational only in 1999 in test mode and from 2004 in combat mode.
The development of Russia's new unified missile early warning network is proceeding on schedule, the first satellite of the space component will be launched in November 2015.

Since 1999, Okno has detected and measured more than 10 million space objects, traced around 5,000 new high-orbital space objects, monitored 560 spacecraft orbit insertions, and recorded more than 200 maneuvers of various-purpose foreign spacecraft. Moreover, Okno-M operators participated in the evaluation of 25 foreign and domestic emergency situations.

In addition to the upgraded Okno-M station, in the next four years a range of new laser-optical and electronic systems for detecting space objects is due to be built.

By space objects, the military primarily means foreign military satellites, other spacecraft as well as space debris and natural astronomical objects.

In 2014, the Aerospace Defense Forces of Russia began operating a series of specialized surface laser-optical and radio engineering units for identifying objects beyond the earth's atmosphere.

These systems facilitated the expansion of the information gathering capabilities of Russia's space surveillance, including a 2-3-fold increase in the observational range for significantly smaller objects.

The Aerospace Defense Forces were established on December 1, 2011, to monitor Russian airspace. The military group commands a united outer space global monitoring system which focuses on Earth satellites and the surveillance of all other space objects. It is expected that ten or more specialized space monitoring complexes will be deployed by 2018 in the Russian south, Siberia and the Russian Far East.

Read more: http://sputniknews.com/russia/20150728/1025119227.html#ixzz3hAjroGcy

In 2018, near Moscow will be the newest space station control

Radar appear in the Moscow Chekhov. Similar work is being done in the Far East, the chief of staff of the 15th Army videoconferencing (special purpose), Major-General Anatoly Nestechuk.

MOSCOW, October 3 - RIA Novosti. The latest radar station to be built in the Moscow Chekhov in 2018 to monitor the outer space, said Saturday the chief of staff of the 15th Army videoconferencing (special purpose), Major-General Anatoly Nestechuk.

"Completion of construction of the plant it, and commissioning - 2018. Similar work is being done in the Far East, and the third direction in which the developing system of space monitoring - a radio and optical means," - said Nestechuk in the "General Staff" station RSN.

Space surveillance systems (SKKP) was established to monitor the satellites and other space objects and is the main catalog of space objects. This is a basic element of Russia's unified information system for the global monitoring of the situation in outer space. SKKP In addition, this system consists of a single early-warning system (EWS), as well as power and missile (ABM) and the defense (PVO).

https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20151003/1296229693.html&usg=ALkJrhizpeSpy-PWFOIebVV21fS3lzn9DQ

Russia to place outer space control complexes in Altai, Far East, Buryatia and Crimea

"This will be a chain of next-generation specialized radio-electronic surveillance complexes," Andrei Ivashina, a deputy chief of the space segment of the Russian Aerospace Force said

MOSCOW, November 26. /TASS/. Novel complexes of the Russian sysem of outer space control will be placed in the Altai Mountains, in the Far East of Russia, in the East Siberian region of Buryatia and in Crimea, Col Andrei Ivashina, a deputy chief of the space segment of the Russian Aerospace Force in charge of spaceflight testing said on Saturday.

"A chain of novel complexes of the system of outer space control will be installed in Russia in the next few years," he said on the General Staff show of the Life#Zvuk (Russian News Service) radio.

"This will be a chain of next-generation specialized radio-electronic surveillance complexes," he said. "Apart from the Altai, complexes of this kind will be installed in other parts of Russia in the Far East, in (the East-Siberian region of) Buryatia and in Crimea."

The main difference between the new complexes and the currently functioning instruments for outer space control is that they have new hardware components.

"It enabled us to increase their combat capability manifold compared with the complexes of earlier generations," Col Ivashina said. "Their commissioning will make it possible for the Russian Aerospace Force to control terrestrial space at all inclination rates and in the maximum altitude range," he said.

The outer space control system is an integral element of Russian aerospace defenses. It is a data processing system incorporating specialized interfaced components designated to do a never-stopping global assessment of the situation in outer space in times of peace and during military hostilities. To expand the zone of embrace of the system, the Aerospace Force is modernizing the instruments already in operation and creating novel specialized technologies with enhanced properties.

Specialists of the Aerospace Force control more than 80% of the Russian orbital grouping, which numbers 150 or so space vehicles, Col Andrei Ivashina said.

"The Russian orbital grouping has about 150 probes at present and 80% of them are under control of the Herman Titov Main Center for Spaceflight Testing," he said.


More:
http://tass.com/defense/914881

Main Space Intelligence Centre in 2016 has tracked in orbit about 930 objects, reports RIA Novosti news agency in the Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Russian Defense Ministry. The report said that special attention was paid to the orbital group of foreign space systems.

"During the past year, experts of the Main Intelligence Center space situation spent about two thousand special operations to control the changes of conditions in space, during which discovered and brought to the support of about 930 space objects", - quotes agency the Defense Ministry message.

In addition, video conferencing Russian experts monitored orbiting about 300 rockets, predicted and tracked the decommissioning of 315 satellites and issued 12 warnings of dangerous approaches to space objects with the Office of the Russian orbital constellation.

It clarifies the Defense Ministry press service, in the framework of combat duty in 2016 on duty means a Russian missile attack warning system, specialized tools control systems of outer space and missile defense were discovered about 40 launches of foreign and domestic ballistic missiles and space rockets.

The Ministry of Defense added that today four new radar station "Voronezh", deployed in the Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Irkutsk and Krasnodar regions, are on combat duty on radar monitoring the most problematic areas in the established areas of responsibility. Two new radar station "Voronezh" began to bear experimental combat duty in the Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories.

Completed preparations for testing a new radar VZG in the Orenburg region. In 2015 started the construction of a new radar station in the Arctic. In addition, the question of the deployment of the new station in the north of European Russia.

Russia plans to launch over 10 pioneering space surveillance systems before 2020

Space Troops Day is celebrated on October 4 in commemoration of the launch of the first PS-1 man-made earth satellite

MOSCOW, October 4. /TASS/. More than 10 new laser-optical and radio complexes for detecting space objects will be launched in Russia prior to 2020, Commander of the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces Alexander Golovko told reporters on the Space Troops Day on Wednesday.

The Space Forces continue work to create new-generation space surveillance systems, the general said.

"There are plans to set up more than 10 new laser-optical and radio complexes in Russia before 2020 that would detect and identify space objects," the commander explained.

Golovko specified that the first new-generation laser-optical space surveillance complex is already operating in the Altay Region.

The Space Troops Day is celebrated on October 4 in commemoration of the launch of the first PS-1 man-made earth satellite. The first space vehicle was launched on October 4, 1957, from Scientific Research Test Range No.5 (later named the Baikonur Cosmodrome) of the USSR Defense Ministry by the Sputnik rocket that was designed on the basis of the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile.


More:
http://tass.com/science/968886

Descent of over 200 space objects controlled by Russian space forces in 2019

Such work begins about six months ahead of the anticipated date of the descent

NOGINSK /Moscow region/, October 4. /TASS/. Russia’s outer space control system has tracked the descent of more than 200 space objects in 2019, Alexei Lagutenko, deputy chief of the Russian space forces’ main space control center, said on Friday.

"Specialists of the center ensured the forecasting and control of the termination of ballistic existence of more than 200 space objects in 2019," he said as Russia was celebrating Space Forces Day on October 4.

"One of our key tasks is to predict a possible area of the fall of such space vehicles," he said, adding that such work begins about six months ahead of the anticipated date of the descent.

The main space control center specializes in information backing for preventing threats coming from outer space and in outer space, for unimpeded deployment and operation of Russian satellite constellations, as well as in evaluating other threats stemming from man-induced pollution of outer space.

Global control of the situation in outer space is exercised by specialized radar, laser optical and electronic optical ground-based space control tools located in the Moscow region, in the Altai territory, in the Far East, in North Caucasian republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, and in Tajikistan.

https://tass.com/science/1081585

Kalina: a ground-based laser ASAT system?

"Kalina"

If all this was not enough, then Russia is also working on a stationary ground-based ability to illuminate or dazzle satellite optical systems using an optical / laser space-based surveillance tool in the North Caucasus. The facility is part of the Krona complex located on Mount Chapal near Storozhevoy [Karachay-Cherkessia]. The Krona consists of a radar station for identifying satellites and classifying them by type and the so-called “laser optical locator” (LOL), which includes a 0.4-meter wide-angle telescope for detecting satellites in high orbits, a 1.3-meter narrow-angle telescope with adaptive optics for acquiring satellite images in low orbits with high resolution and lidar (also called the “receive-transmit channel”) used to accurately measure distances to satellites.

At the beginning of the decade, work began on the modernization of the laser complex as part of a project code-named Kalina, led by JSC Scientific and Production Corporation Precision Instrumentation Systems (NPK SPP). The company signed a contract for Kalina (also referred to as 30ZH6MK) with the Russian Ministry of Defense on November 3, 2011.

In a bank guarantee document posted on the Internet in January 2014, Kalina’s task described “creating a channel for the functional suppression of satellite electro-optical systems ... using solid-state lasers and an adaptive optical transmission / reception system”. Further, the Kalina anti-satellite evidence appeared in the 2013 NPK SPP annual report, which mentioned participation in the development of “laser systems for electro-optical warfare”. In addition, in one document (now offline), Kalina was described as a “space security complex” - a term also used in official documentation for another anti-satellite system - the Burevestnik airborne missile system.

The construction contract for Kalina, concluded by the Russian Ministry of Defense on November 20, 2015, designates the construction site as “Object 4737-K2”, and also mentions a component named “channel 14C235”, which looks like a designation for a satellite dazzle system. Google Earth shows no signs of any major new construction in the vicinity of the Krona LOL site, which would indicate that the existing laser system is suitable for anti-satellite missions. However, it is unclear how far this work has progressed.

https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4064823.html

Interesting

George1 wrote:Kalina: a ground-based laser ASAT system?

"Kalina"

If all this was not enough, then Russia is also working on a stationary ground-based ability to illuminate or dazzle satellite optical systems using an optical / laser space-based surveillance tool in the North Caucasus. The facility is part of the Krona complex located on Mount Chapal near Storozhevoy [Karachay-Cherkessia]. The Krona consists of a radar station for identifying satellites and classifying them by type and the so-called “laser optical locator” (LOL), which includes a 0.4-meter wide-angle telescope for detecting satellites in high orbits, a 1.3-meter narrow-angle telescope with adaptive optics for acquiring satellite images in low orbits with high resolution and lidar (also called the “receive-transmit channel”) used to accurately measure distances to satellites.

At the beginning of the decade, work began on the modernization of the laser complex as part of a project code-named Kalina, led by JSC Scientific and Production Corporation Precision Instrumentation Systems (NPK SPP). The company signed a contract for Kalina (also referred to as 30ZH6MK) with the Russian Ministry of Defense on November 3, 2011.

In a bank guarantee document posted on the Internet in January 2014, Kalina’s task described “creating a channel for the functional suppression of satellite electro-optical systems ... using solid-state lasers and an adaptive optical transmission / reception system”. Further, the Kalina anti-satellite evidence appeared in the 2013 NPK SPP annual report, which mentioned participation in the development of “laser systems for electro-optical warfare”. In addition, in one document (now offline), Kalina was described as a “space security complex” - a term also used in official documentation for another anti-satellite system - the Burevestnik airborne missile system.

The construction contract for Kalina, concluded by the Russian Ministry of Defense on November 20, 2015, designates the construction site as “Object 4737-K2”, and also mentions a component named “channel 14C235”, which looks like a designation for a satellite dazzle system. Google Earth shows no signs of any major new construction in the vicinity of the Krona LOL site, which would indicate that the existing laser system is suitable for anti-satellite missions. However, it is unclear how far this work has progressed.

https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4064823.html

There are Krona lasers at least 2 other sites possibly 3.

franco wrote:

There are Krona lasers at least 2 other sites possibly 3.

Yes there is also one in Far East except North Caucasus

In Crimea, the construction of the space control system station is being completed

Space control system (SCC).

CAMTO, November 2. The construction of the optical and laser center of the military space control system is being completed in Yevpatoria, and the installation of equipment is underway.

This was announced to RIA Novosti by the General Director of the research and production Corporation "precision instrument Systems" (RPC SPP, part of the state Corporation "Roscosmos") Yuri Roy.

"A space control station is being built in Yevpatoria. There will be four stations on the territory of Russia. In Yevpatoria, construction is being completed, a similar station is being installed, as in Altai," he said.

In total, the structure of the space control system of the Russian defense Ministry should include four centers: operating in the Altai territory and under construction in Yevpatoria, Ussuriysk and Kaliningrad.

According to the website of NPC SPP, such centers are intended for photographing satellites at the launch stage and putting them into target orbits, as well as monitoring the condition of satellites at altitudes from 150 km to 36 thousand km, obtaining detailed images of them in order to recognize and assess the condition of spacecraft, for example, in the event of an emergency investigation. In addition, the centers are designed to detect space debris and prevent its collision with domestic spacecraft.

https://z5h64q92x9.net/proxy_u/ru-en.en/https/vpk.name/news/459736_v_krymu_zavershayut_stroitelstvo_stancii_sistemy_kontrolya_kosmicheskogo_prostranstva.html