Russian PESA and AESA Radars

Rpg type 7v wrote:ok found it (finally:lol: )


now for modified pesa the receiver cutoff is before the waveguide so noise is half d.

Rpg type 7v wrote:ok found it (finally:lol: )


now for modified pesa the receiver cutoff is before the waveguide so noise is half d.

Mindstorm wrote:

Rpg type 7v wrote:ok found it (finally:lol: )


now for modified pesa the receiver cutoff is before the waveguide so noise is half d.

From what publication has been taken this over-simplistic image ?
(moreover those signal noise figures and PESA radar layout's design appear very outdated even for 15-20 old specimens !!)

Mindstorm wrote:From what publication has been taken this over-simplistic image ?

 (moreover those signal noise figures and PESA radar layout's design appear very outdated even for 15-20 old specimens !!)

Rpg type 7v wrote:

Mindstorm wrote:

Rpg type 7v wrote:ok found it (finally:lol: )


now for modified pesa the receiver cutoff is before the waveguide so noise is half d.

From what publication has been taken this over-simplistic image ?
(moreover those signal noise figures and PESA radar layout's design appear very outdated even for 15-20 old specimens !!)

from a book of 600 pages.... 

ok ,cant wait to see your diagram example   

from a book of 600 pages....

For something more recent (2004) and more amusing, I'd recommend David Lynch's Introduction to RF Stealth, dealing primarily with the design of radars and system architecture for LO platforms.

Mindstorm wrote:

For something more recent (2004) and more amusing, I'd recommend David Lynch's Introduction to RF Stealth, dealing primarily with the design of radars and system architecture for LO platforms.

SOC if we want to remain in the english language why not ,then, the second edition of "Detecting and Classifying Low Probability of Intercept Radar" by Phillip E. Pace of 2009 , moreover with one of the best section on radar pulse encoding and decoding techniques of any western open publications ?

SOC wrote:Because I don't have that one, so I wouldn't have thought of the title  

KRET to double its income

The concern has embraced a program of action for 2014-2016

KRET has embraced a program of action for 2014-2016. The concern plans to increase sales proceeds up to 146 billion in two years and to move on from the production of separate components to the supply of integrated electronic complexes for  military and civil purposes.

The 2020 development strategy was embraced by the KRET last year. The concern has set an ambitious goal – to become the leader in the Russian and CIS market of airborne electronic avionics.

“The three-year action program is a sort of a «road map», which makes more specific the tasks and describes the actions of all divisions and services of the concern. Its realization is to allow us to increase the sale proceeds in 2016 by almost two times compared to 2013 and ensure the growth of KRET’s profitability from 6.3 to 11.7 billion rubles during the same time period”, said Nikolay Kolesov, CEO of the KRET.

One of the key KRET’s development areas is to become a transfer from supplying of separate components and systems to sales of the integrated airborne avionics complexes (AA). According to the concern’s plans a share of the complex decisions up to 2016 must exceed 30% of all AA supplies.

KRET plans to continue its cooperations with the leading Russian civil and military aerotechnics manufacturers - United Aircraft and Russian Helicopters. In August 2013, at the International Aviation and Space Show in Zhukovski, the concern has signed new agreements for partnerships with these companies. According to these agreements, KRET has taken responsibility for the whole life cycle of the available United Aircraft equipment, starting from the development of the visual and up to the post-sales service of the end products. Furthermore, KRET is conducting a development of new AA prototypes for the perspective helicopters in terms of agreement with Russian Helicopters.

As a result of the program’s implementation, the sale proceeds of KRET are to grow from 99.7 to 146 billion rubles with a net income of 11.7 billion rubles for the same period.

The  Radioelectronic Technologies group (KRET), a largest Russian holding of the radioelectronic sector, was founded in 2009. It specializes in production of the radioelectronic warfare and complexes, struggle, aircraft equipment for the air vessels, and metering instruments. The group’s enterprises produce also household and medical equipment, control systems and equipment for the FEC, transportation, and machine industry. KRET is a division of the Rostec  state corporations.

http://rostec.ru/en/news/4442

Giulio wrote:Hello.
I'm sorry, but I do not have time to read all the forums.
By dint of reading in the West about the supposed "backwardness" of Russia, I would like to hear some other bells.
In short, could you explain briefly what a PESA radar and what an AESA radar are and, above all: is it true that the first AESA radar was on a Mig-31? Thanks for the replies.

KRET creates a laboratory for research in Photonics

The group has been developing radar and EW systems based on new technologies



In recent years, electronic systems all often replaced on the photon. Linked it in the first turn with a different physical nature of the photon. That same is a photon and what unique capabilities of military technology will provide a new direction – believe that radio Photonics?

Faster electron

Photonics is essentially analogue electronics, are used instead of electrons are quanta of the electromagnetic field – photons. These are the most common number of particles in the Universe, unlike electrons, do not have mass and charge. Therefore, photonic systems are not affected by external electromagnetic fields, have much better transmission range and bandwidth of the signal.

As a field of science Photonics began in 1960 with the invention of the first important technical devices using photons, laser. The very term "Photonics" began to be widely used in the 1980-ies in connection with the beginning of widespread use of optical fiber transmission. By the way, in our country the first development of such fiber optic cables engaged in the design Bureau of the cable industry, now part of KRET.

We can say that these developments have made a revolution in telecommunications in the last century and became the basis for the development of the Internet. Actually, until about 2001 Photonics was largely focused on the telecommunications.

Today "telecommunication" Photonics helps in the creation of a new direction – radio Photonics, which arose from the fusion of electronics, wave optics, microwave optoelectronics and other fields of science and industrial production.

In other words, believe that radio Photonics deals with the problems of transmission, reception and transformation of information by using electromagnetic waves of microwave range and photonic devices and systems. Believe that radio Photonics allows you to create radio frequency devices with the options that are unattainable for traditional electronics.

Modern radio apparatus moves in the optical range, and ignoring this fact often leads to very serious consequences. For example, initially in the design of information and telecommunication, service and technical networks of the super-Jumbo A380 were not included photonic network. Used aluminum cable, and its length was more than 500 km away. This has led to serious problems on Board the aircraft. For their decision required a full replacement of all cable networks on each side of which was built for the A380. The result – two years of delays and almost 5 billion euros in financial losses, and the largest Corporation narrowly escaped financial collapse.



Radiophony breakthrough

In microelectronics Russia, as you know, behind the Western countries. It is through technologies in the field of radio Photonics invited to compete. Today Russian scientists in the sphere of defense technologies consider it impossible to give up electrons and to pay attention to the photons which have no mass and fly faster.

According to experts, servers, operating on the principles of Photonics, decreased a hundred times compared to the current, and the data transfer rate would be increased tenfold.

Or, for example, a ground radar station. Today, this radar is a multi-storey building, but if you start to believe that radio Photonics work, then the station can be installed on a conventional truck. The efficiency and range will be exactly the same – thousands of kilometers. Several mobile and small complexes can be combined into a network, which will increase characteristics of these radars.

Believe that radio Photonics instead of electronics

Photonic technologies will significantly expand the capabilities and airborne radars. New developments in this area more than twice reduce the weight of existing antennas and radars, tenfold increase their resolution. Also radiophonic antennas will be a unique resistance to electromagnetic pulses, which occur, for example, during close lightning strikes or when solar magnetic storms.

All this will create a broadband radars that level of resolution and speed can be called radar vision. Such system is also planned in the civil sphere, for example, on high-speed trains for instant detection of obstacles on the tracks.

Photonics can also be effectively applied in housing, for example, in urban and rural heating systems. Instead of hot water energy will act photons. They will be distributed in photonic crystal fibers with a thickness of human hair, the energy of which is converted into heat with almost 100% efficiency.

Laboratory of the future

In Russia radiophonie technology develops KRET. Today, the group and the Foundation for advanced studies working on a promising project "Development of active phased array-based radio Photonics" (ROPAR). The project includes the creation of a special laboratory on the basis of the Concern and the development of universal technology, which will be the basis for radar and electronic warfare systems for the new generation.

According to KRET CEO Nikolai Kolesov, the latest technology will allow in 2020 to create an effective and advanced transmitting / receiving apparatus, radar, electronic intelligence and electronic countermeasures of the new generation.

One of the main areas of work will be the creation of an active phased array (AESA) of the new generation, in which the main elements were created using the principles of radio Photonics. They will reduce the weight of the system is 1.5-3 times increase in 2-3 times the reliability and efficiency, as well as dozens of times to increase the scanning speed and resolution.

If successful, the technology will open up new opportunities for improving the "smart skin" that will be on the Russian aircraft of the latest generation, including the PAK FA. Such a system of built-in elements throughout the area of the fuselage will allow the crew to get in any time solid radar picture within a radius of 360 degrees, will provide for the operation of antenna systems in active and passive radar, raising all kinds of noise, secretive and noise-immune data transmission, communication with the ground and other aircraft, hoopsnake and more.

In addition, on the basis of new materials and elements, created on the basis of the principles of Photonics, KRET will learn the advanced technologies of high-power photodetectors and semiconductor laser modules.

KRET creates a laboratory for research in the field of photonics

Cyberspec wrote:Big news...thanks for posting

magnumcromagnon wrote:

Cyberspec wrote:Big news...thanks for posting

I think the article gave us an outline on what will make up the characteristics of a 2nd-gen AESA. The raw capability, as well as what compromises the elements of the next gen AESA. It wont be just a new radar emitting element, made up of a different chemical composition, it will also include made up of photonic equipment (where the true capability will come from).

The article also specifically stated that the PAK-FA will be one of the first receipts of a 2nd gen photonic based AESA.

Svyatoslavich wrote:One of the critical technologies that Russia seems to be lagging behind the West is in AESA radars for fighters. Su-35S doesn't have it, and I recently read that the first batches of MiG-35 won't also. Anyone knows why? Are Russian AESA radars like the Zhuk-A fully developed and tested? Can they be mass-produced? If so, why are not fighters still equipped with it?

sepheronx wrote:No, MiG-35 will definitely have AESA, even initial batches, because that is what the MiG-35's main feature is.  Outside of that, no sale as it is simply a MiG-29M/M2.

Svyatoslavich wrote:

sepheronx wrote:No, MiG-35 will definitely have AESA, even initial batches, because that is what the MiG-35's main feature is.  Outside of that, no sale as it is simply a MiG-29M/M2.

Thanks for your complete explanation. Regarding MiG-35, I read it earlier in March that the first batch (30 planes) of the MiG-35 contract won't have AESA radar:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1775588

Sukhoi37_Terminator wrote:Here is some information I found about the Tikhomirov NIIP L-Band Active Electronically Steered Array
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-06.html

medo wrote:I couldn't answer you exactly here, because I'm now behind the time. I'm now some years out of military and I never worked with digital PESA or AESA radar, only with analogue mechanical one generation from eighties. But I think some things are the same.

You have to know, that radar signal, which go from emitter become weaker, before it reach target and than signal, which go back from target to receiver again become weaker. Ergo, if RWR detector is the same sensitive as is radar receiver, than could detect radar emissions in twice of radar range. It only depend in which frequencies it listen. The jammer is most effective, when its emitting in the same frequency is stronger, than signal, which radar send and come back from target. As I hear in past it was a big problem with OSA (SAM-8 ), that it was actually unjammable, because it have so high power radar, that jammers on planes could not overcome with noise the power of returning signal. But it need very skilled operators, who know to look in crude radar picture.

AESA and PESA radars have lower power signals, so old RWR detectors could not register them and ignore hem as noise. But newer RWR detectors sensitivities could be suited for those radars. Jammers could easily overcome with power of noise the power of returning signal, but AESA and PESA radars could easier change frequencies with frequency hoping, so the jamming noise is not in the proper frequency as returning signal and radar then easily ignore jamming noise in wrong frequency and see target. But in peace time all radars work only in peace time frequency without hoping. But I think modern radars with modern digital computers could quite effectively do with jamming in constant frequency with coding signals.

sepheronx wrote:

Giulio wrote:Hello.
I'm sorry, but I do not have time to read all the forums.
By dint of reading in the West about the supposed "backwardness" of Russia, I would like to hear some other bells.
In short, could you explain briefly what a PESA radar and what an AESA radar are and, above all: is it true that the first AESA radar was on a Mig-31? Thanks for the replies.

PESA

AESA

In short, PESA is a consentration of energy at a single point that produces a massive beam.  AESA is where you got multiple transmitters creating a beam.  Advantage of AESA is that it is harder to fight against in terms of electronic warfare and pick up its transmissions.  PESA is a lot simpler to make and cheaper too.  As well, what is not mentioned, is that PESA tends to be more accurate in its readings due to high amount of power concentrated at one point.  Problem is that it is easier to pick up its transmissions and easier to combat in EW.  In modern times, most aircrafts are equipped with ECM/ECCM subsystems so that can counter this issue.

MiG-31 radar is PESA radar.  Zaslon radar.

Irbis-E radar is a hybrid radar (bit of both worlds).

Phazotron has its Zhuk-A series of AESA radar and Tikhomirov NIIP has their Byelka radar which is AESA.  Zhuk-A has already been tested and flown in the MiG-29M2 for India and is being placed on Ka-52K helicopters.  Byelka is being made for PAK FA and has already been tested/flown.  Possibly can be used as well for current gen aircrafts as well.

Ground based AESA radar systems are apparently different.  Russia has various ones, one being the NEBO SVU radar.